台灣金控與非金控架構下銀行經營效率之評估

Abstract

本研究採用兩階段DEA分析法，將生產過程分為獲利能力階段與市場能力階段，衡量金控架構下子銀行及非金控之獨立銀行在2013~2017年度間不同階段之經營績效，以獲利能力表示投資階段的表現，以市場能力表示行銷階段的表現。 兩階段資料包絡分析法更容易使決策者理解，無效率原因真正來自於那個階段，因而能更能準確地辨認無效率的因並提供改善建議。經實證分析探討後，造成台灣地區銀行技術無效率之原因，獲利能力方主要是來自規模無效率所產生，市場能力方面主要是來自純技術無效率所產生。 最後本研究將績效評估結果利用管理矩陣分為四群，並分別提供建議有效率的管理策略，提供給管理決策者及投資者有用的參考資訊。其經營類型以獲利能力高但市場行銷能力低之銀行佔多數，共有六家，而獲利能力及市場能力高者有兩家，分別是京城銀行和中信銀表現最佳。意味著獨立銀行在經營管理及資源配置等方面並不遜於金控子銀行，其所不及乃在於規模大小。

Economic scale of banks is not necessary the only critical success factor of operations in terms of marketability and profitability in Taiwan’s financial business environment. Applying the Two-stage DEA analysis method, operating performance of larger scale financial holding institutions managed banks and smaller scale independent banks during the five-year period between 2013 and 2017 was analyzed with profitability stage and marketability stage in this study. The two-stage data envelopment analysis method allows decision makers to more easily understand that the cause of inefficiency was from which stage of operations. Furthermore, with the analysis result, management can more accurately identify the inefficiency factor and come up with improvements and solutions. After empirical analysis, it is concluded that the major reason for technical inefficiency of Taiwanese Banks were scale inefficiency in profitability and pure technical inefficiency in marketability. This study divides the performance evaluation results into four groups using management matrix, and recommends effective management strategies providing valuable references for decision makers and investors. Among the studied entities, six banks performed with high profitability but low marketability, which are the majority operating nature of the studied group. Moreover, two banks of the studied entities, King’s Town Bank (independent bank) and CTBC Bank (financial holding managed bank), have particularly good performance with both high profitability and marketability. The result implies that independent banks’ management and resource allocation efficiency is not necessary second to financing holding institution controlled banks, but just they are small in scales.