中國大陸國家監察委員會反腐機制之研究

Abstract

反腐是中共歷屆領導人核心工作之一。中國大陸愈趨嚴重的貪腐問題不僅遲緩經濟發展，更進一步影響內政。為了有效打擊貪腐、整合反腐資源，中共於2018年3月11日修憲通過設立國家監察委員會，並通過《中華人民共和國監察法》完成建立國家監察制度的頂層設計。本研究內容可以分成三層次，首先為個體層次的研究，其重點在中共歷屆領導人的反腐策略核心及具體作為；接著為中間層次著重在反腐機關上，分析中共主要反腐機關及其職能變化；最後是總體層次的研究，焦點在國家監察委員會至今運作成果及未來反腐工作對於社會及貪腐型態之影響。研究結果發現國家監察委員會雖然整併反腐力量能夠提高反腐成效、解決過去紀檢機關、檢察機關及行政監察機關諸多反腐工作問題，然而在「民主集中制」與「以黨領政」的原則下，國家監察委員會與黨的中央紀律檢查委員會合署辦公，是否能有保有獨立性、恪守依法治國的精神、避免權力不當濫用，是國家監察委員會反腐機制是否能夠持續運作的關鍵課題。

Anti-corruption is one of the core tasks for the leaders of the Communist Party of China(CPC). The increasingly serious problem of corruption in Mainland China has not only slowed economic development, but has subsequently affected internal affairs. To effectively combat corruption and integrate anti-corruption resources, the Constitutional Amendment Committee of the CPC approved the establishment of the National Supervision Commission of the People's Republic of China on March 11, 2018, and approved the top-level design of the National Supervision Mechanism formulated in the Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China. This study is divided into three levels. The first is an individual level study that focused on core anti-corruption strategies and specific actions adopted by previous CPC leaders. The second is an intermediate level that focused on anti-corruption organs and analyzed the changes in CPC 's key anti-corruption organs and their functions. The third is an overall level that focused on the to date operational outcome of the National Supervision Commission of the People's Republic of China, and the impact of future anti-corruption tasks on society and corruption pattern. The study found that the National Supervision Commission was able to improve anti-corruption outcome and solve many past corruption problems in discipline inspection offices, prosecutors’ offices and administrative supervision offices by integrating anti-corruption resources. However, under the principle of democratic centralism and party-led governance, the question remains as to whether the anti-corruption mechanism of the National Supervision Commission can uphold the independence, rule of the law spirit and avoidance of power abuse in the combined offices of the National Supervision Commission and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.