中國大陸對台灣民主政治的詮釋與再現——央地媒體涉台選舉新聞之比較

Abstract

台灣的民主經驗常被視作中國大陸政治變革與未來發展的對照，與此同時中國也在逐步發展自身的「中國式民主」概念。本文以中國大陸央地媒體的兩檔涉台新聞節目《海峽兩岸》、《海峽新幹線》為研究對象，分析對2012年及2016年台灣選舉的報道，觀察中國大陸不同層級的新聞媒體如何詮釋與再現台灣民主政治這一敏感議題。研究發現，中國大陸央地媒體共同使用了「衝突性競爭」、「選舉亂象」、「個人焦點」、「統獨表態與經濟影響」四類框架對台灣選舉進行包裝，建構台灣民主的負面形象，反映出的是中國大陸憑藉自身的「民主」價值標準對台灣民主政治進行評判，同時從台灣經驗與西式民主中進行學習與反思，以服務於「中國式民主」的建構。

Democracy as experienced in Taiwan is oftentimes discussed as a reference to interpreting political futures of the Mainland China. However, China insists in defining and developing her own path leading to democracy. This study examines how two news programs, the national CCTV’s Across the Strait and a provincial TV’s Haixia Xinganxian, represent and interpret Taiwan’s presidential elections held in 2012 and 2016. In addition, how sensitive political issues are framed is examined as well. The result shows that these programs construct four distinguished news frames in building up negative images of Taiwan’s election: conflict game, chaos, politician-focused, attitude towards unification-independence and economic issue. It clearly reveals that the Mainland China has been covering and commenting on Taiwan’s democracy by her own criteria of democratic values, while in the meantime twisting Taiwan’s democratic experiences and those of the West to meet China’s own understanding of democracy theories.