中國青年社群媒體行為之分析：網路管制政策對自我審查與舉報他人的影響

Abstract

本文旨在瞭解中國網路管制政策下，網民自我審查與網路舉報的影響因素，採問卷調查法與深入訪談法，從個人態度認知、個人過去經驗、個人對團體規範認知等三個層面分析。本研究發現，自我審查的影響因素包括：一、個人態度認知層面，即個性保守者、已具備或期望取得黨員身分者。二、個人過去經驗層面，即平台審查經驗、輿論壓力、人際關係。三、個人對團體規範認知層面，即對政府權威的絕對相信、對網路社會的不信任、對監視制度存在的認知（網路實名制、網路舉報制度）。網路舉報的影響因素包括：一、個人態度認知層面，即自認具有道德感與責任感者（澄清謠言伸張正義義務、維護網路空間清朗責任）。二、個人過去經驗層面，即涉及個人名譽與利益、過去舉報經驗獲得正面回饋。三、個人對團體規範認知層面，獎勵誘因的存在有助提高舉報動機，但黨章團規對舉報行為沒有影響。綜上，本文認為網路舉報制度是中共維穩的再保證，並將此新型態治理模式，稱為「『管制–回饋』雙向管理模式」。

This study analyzes the impact of government internet control on individual’s self-censorship and whistleblowing by survey research method and in-depth interview method. The research is observed by 3 aspects, cognition, past experience and group perceptions. First, the paper finds the reasons for self-censoring: (1) Attitudinal factors, include having conservative attitude and CCP membership or willing to be CCP members. (2) Experiential factors, include the experience of being censored, public pressure and maintenance of friendships. (3) Regulatory factors, include absolute beliefs in the supreme authority, distrusts of internet, awareness of surveillance. Second, the motivation of whistleblowing: (1) Attitudinal factors, encompass higher senses of responsibility and morality. (2) Experiential factors, encompass infringements of personal reputation and interests and receiving positive responses from webmasters. (3) Regulatory factors, the paper finds that financial incentives can promote whistleblowing; however, the Constitution of CCP and Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) cannot trigger whistleblowing. At the end of this article, I propose “Regulation-Feedback Interactive System (RFIS)” to elaborate the new type of Chinese governance for maintaining stability by implementing online whistleblowing.