從團體動力學探討家長微信群中的親師互動

Abstract

家長與教師運用微信組建家長微信群，形成了線上團體與線上社群。家長微信群的出現方便了溝通也帶來了諸多問題，科技究竟如何改變了群中的小團體傳播成為本研究的問題意識。本研究以C小學某家長微信群為例，運用微信民族志進行群中觀察並輔以訪談，從團體動力學探討群中「團體動力」的形成和運作，分析家長與教師在群中的互動，進而在討論部分勾連至現代科技對小團體傳播的中介。研究發現，從宏觀角度來看，群中「團體動力」的形成與團體角色、團體地位、團體規範、團體文化和團體吸引等因素密不可分。從微觀角度來看，群中的「團體動力」以操作活動、維持性活動和調節活動為運作基礎，以個人系統、成員系統、團體角色系統和團體整體系統為運作層次運作。家長與教師運用微信群的諸多功能發言，以一定的策略回應對方，採用多數決策、權威決策、少數決策等完成團體決策，並運用一定的策略去解決團體「極化」、團體「迷思」、團體「僵局」與團體衝突。這些團體行為會形成團體士氣，並反作用於成員自身及線下團體。微信群的出現使得以往的親師互動變得更為複雜，科技在線上團體的發展過程中扮演了重要角色，其對人、人際傳播、小團體傳播均產生了巨大影響，大眾應對此引起批判性省思。

Parents and teachers form WeChat group to maintain communication. The Parent-Teacher WeChat group makes communication more convenient but also brings many problems. How the technology changed this small group communication? It was the problem consciousness of this study. This study took a Parent-Teacher WeChat group of C primary school as a case. A WeChat ethnography was administered to explore the formulation and operation of the dynamics in the Parent-Teacher WeChat group by group dynamics. This study conducted interviews to further understand the interaction between parents and teachers. This study also discussed the influence of the small group communication by the technology. The results showed that the formation of dynamics in the group is related with group roles, group status, group norms, group culture and group attraction from a macro perspective. The operation of dynamics in the group is based on operating activities, maintenance activities, regulatory activities and person system, member system, group-role system, group-as-a-whole system from a micro perspective. Parents and teachers communicated with each other by the WeChat group and through some strategies. They made group decision making by majority decision-making, authoritative decision-making and minority decision-making; also used some strategies to solve group polarization, group think, group impasse and group conflict. All of that also formed group morale, affected themselves and offline group. The Parent-Teacher WeChat group made the interaction more complicated than before. Technology has played an important role in the development of online group and affected the people, interpersonal communication, small group communication. Everyone should have a critical thinking about that.