穹頂之下：建構臺灣中部細懸浮微粒環境風險與治理分析

Abstract

近年來，台灣以細懸浮微粒為主流所形成的空污環境風險議題屢次引起社會關注，細懸浮微粒所引起的空污爭議，不僅產生環境風險的問題，同時也涉及對國人的健康風險影響，加上近來台灣空氣污染嚴重情形呈現南高北低之現象，尤其是中南部地區空污問題最為嚴重。因此，本文藉由此現象瞭解在空污環境風險不斷反覆發生的過程中，觀察並論述政府的管制程序及政策脈絡，嘗試建構出空污環境不正義的情形。本文以風險社會的觀點結合環境正義所主張的理念原則以及管制科學、科學不確定性、預防原則等概念，檢視我國對於細懸浮微粒之風險管制模式，瞭解政府在空污環境風險管制的過程，並且論述在管制程序中，管制政策的模式作為驗證整體國家如何「建構」出空污的環境不正義。另一方面，空污環境風險議題在環境正義的原則之下，為更深刻瞭解受污染之地區其實際的情境脈絡，本研究選擇具有代表性的兩個區域進行案例分析，分別瞭解兩地空污環境爭議之客觀背景，再深入檢視空污的環境不正義是如何被建構形成，也藉由環境正義的觀點原則，當在地社會力量面對空污質疑時，又如何填補管制程序的不足，進而延伸討論如何落實環境正義提供制度上有著更好的環境實踐與治理模式。

In recent years, a series of issues of air pollution environmental risk have posed serious concerns in Taiwan Society. The debate over air pollution caused by Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) involves not only the environmental risks, but also the influence of people’s health. Over time, air pollution in Taiwan is extending unbalancedly, becoming serious in South and relatively slight in North, especially severe in Central and Southern areas. Therefore, from the above situation, the thesis tries to understand the environmental risks of air pollution continuously happening; at the same time, observes and discusses the regulatory procedures and the policy contexts made by the government upon the issue. The research aims at describing and bringing out the situation about environment injustice of air pollution in Taiwan. Combining the perspectives of risk society with other conceptions and theories from environment justice, regulatory science, science uncertainty, and precautionary principle, the thesis examines the governmental regulatory patterns of Fine Particulate Matter environmental risks and tries to understand the regulatory process of government. Moreover, from discoursing the process, the article finds out how the country constructs the environmental injustice of air pollution through the mode of regulatory policy. In the second part of the thesis, discussing the issue of the air pollution environmental risks under the environment justice principle, the research selects two representative regions as a case study in order to deeply recognize the reality and practical situation in the contaminated areas. In the case study, the article analyzes the objective backgrounds of air pollution from each chosen region, and then profoundly observes how the environment injustice of air pollution is constructed; furthermore, based on the environment justice perspective, studies how local social power makes up for the insufficiency of governmental regulation while facing air pollution. Lastly, the research has further discussion how to implement environment justice and provides a better policy system for environment practice and governance.