半導體設備零配件存貨管理之研究 – 以U公司為例

Abstract

除了技術能力以外，半導體產業相當重視供應鏈運作效率，客戶端不僅關注產品的價格、品質及交貨時效，同時也關注原物料供應鏈的支援應變能力及取得的適切性(衝突礦產之使用、環境保護、企業社會責任…等)，近年來客戶端進行實地稽核，抑或是半導體廠對其供應商進行實地稽核，著重企業社會責任以及供應鏈管理方式與庫存備料模式是否合宜。 晶圓代工廠的成本控制是生產競爭力之重要核心關鍵，而占總投資金額八成的生產設備，其所使用之零配件種類多、成本高，加上大部分的零配件更換頻率難精準預估，要同時兼顧機台妥善率及成本控制，一直是晶圓代工產業的棘手問題。現今半導體產業對於生產設備零配件庫存管理研究以及實務，大多將零配件分為快速流動零配件(高耗用)及慢速零配件(低耗用)兩類做探討，本研究希望藉由分析U 公司台灣地區針對半導體設備零配件的管理模式，探討不同的管理模式產生的績效(對於庫存成本與機台妥善率的影響)，為相關產業及與半導體設備零配件類似特質的物料進行備料計畫時，列為決策參考資訊。

In addition to the technical capability, the semiconductor industry also greatly emphasizes on the efficiency of its supply chain operations. Customers are not only concerned about pricing, quality, and delivery, they are also concerned about the supply chain's supporting capability and righteousness of the resources such as the use of conflict minerals, environmental protection, and company's social responsibility, etc. In the recent years, either conducted by the end customers or the semiconductor companies, the audit on the suppliers not only focuses on social responsibility but also on their supply chain and inventory management. A successful cost control is a key for wafer foundries to stay competitive in the industry. For the production tools that account for about 80% of the total investment, there are a lot of different parts used with high cost and it is hard to predict precisely when the parts need to be replaced. Therefore, it has been a challenge for wafer foundries to ensure a proper operation of the tools while also implement an efficient cost control. Today in the semiconductor industry, both research and practice in the inventory management of the production equipment normally categorize spare parts into fast moving parts (high consumption) and slow moving parts (low consumption) for discussion. By analyzing the management model of the semiconductor equipment spare parts adopted by U company in Taiwan, this study intends to evaluate the efficiency of different management models (i.e. Understand how different models impact on the inventory cost and equipment's up time) and provide reference for decision making on the material preparation plans in the related industries.