合成一種新的含有三唑官能基具有花瓣效應特質的高分子材料

Abstract

近年來具有低表面能特性但同時對水滴有高物附著力的材料逐漸受到矚目，科學家稱之為「花瓣效應」。擁有花瓣效應的材料在不同領域中具有值得發展的潛力，例如:應用在液體輸送、單分子光譜學或印刷工業中。然而，用於製造這些獨特低表面能材料大多數是熱塑性的，其加工成本很高，此外，現今已有的低表面自由能材料分子中大多數皆含有鹵素類元素，可能會對環境造成危害。在本研究中，設計出一種沒有上述缺點的新型高分子聚合物。此研究中成功運用簡單、快速且易達到高產率的點擊化學反應來調控現今已廣泛使用的商業品，並且發現了一種含有三唑官能基的新型聚合物擁有花瓣效應的特點，其合成是運用銅催化點擊化學法使疊氮和炔類反應轉換成三唑製備而成，反應完成後前驅物聚環氧樹脂側鏈上的氯會被三唑取代。此實驗中透過膠體滲透層析儀(GPC)，紅外光譜儀(IR)，核磁共振氫譜(1H NMR)和X射線繞射(XRD)研究並證實了該產物的結構。在表面特性方面，由靜態和動態接觸角的結果表明了此新型高分子的表面能只有21.7 mN/m，而且遲滯角高達111.1˚，證明了此高分子擁有高水滴吸附力的特性，由上述兩點證明本實驗合成的高分子符合花瓣效應的特質。而且，實驗中由能量色散X射線光譜(EDS)和X射線光電子能譜學(XPS)得知該產品僅含有碳，氧和氮原子，這些是可生物降解的，使本實驗產物與其他低表面能物質相較下更加環保。由掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)和原子力顯微鏡(AFM)的結果發現產物高分子表面會形成特殊的結構，這種結構造成細小孔洞在表面生成同時使表面粗糙度大幅上升，很可能就是形成花瓣效應特質的主要成因。實驗中從穿透式的IR和XPS的結果證明了本產物的高分子鏈之間有特殊相互作用力，這些吸引力是由側鏈上三唑環中的氮和主鏈上的氧產生的，而這種強吸引力很可能是造成結構和表面能量下降的主因。此外，由ASTM G21-15防黴試驗的結果顯示，混合孢子液在本實驗的產物上的生長等級為0級，表示具有抗黴效果，未來可以應用在醫療材料上。本研究提出了環氧樹脂-三唑環高分子的製備及其特性。

Materials possess ‘Petal Effect’ property that has been investigated for many years since 2008. Petal effect materials have potentials in liquid transportations, single molecule spectroscopy, or printing industries. However, most materials for making these unique materials are thermoplastic which cost a lot for processing, and most of them consist of halogen groups, which might do harm to the environment. Thus, in this work a new polymer without the above flaws is constructed. A new polymer containing triazole functional groups is produced by an azide-alkyne huisgen cycloaddition to replace the chlorines on the polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) by the triazoles. The structure of the product is investigated and confirmed by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Nonetheless, the results of the static and dynamic contact angles indicated the product possesses petal effect property, for the surface free energy of the polymer is 21.7 mN/m, and the contact angle hysteresis is up to 111.1˚. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed that there were only C, O, and N atoms inside the product, which is more environment-friendly compared to other low-surface-free-energy materials. To know the formation of the petal effect property, the surface-morphologies are measured by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and both of them show special structures with high roughness of the product. The unique structures might result from the interactions between oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms on the triazoles, and the interactions are proved by Transmitted Infrared Spectroscopy (Transmitted IR) and XPS. Moreover, the anti-fungal test, ASTM G21-15, reveals that there is no fungi that could grow on the product, making the surface suitable for medical uses. Preparation and the characteristics of the product, denoted by PECH-Triazole, are presented in this work.