當「想像的共同體」遭逢「現實中的他者」：回族個體與漢族的互動和衝突經驗初探

Abstract

在日常生活中，回族個人與漢族個人之間的社會互動是平常且不可避免的。故而，釐清回族個體如何看待和理解與漢族互動、衝突的場域就顯得尤為重要。本研究意圖對回族個體既有的與漢族互動和衝突的個人經驗進行深入分析，探求民族認同與伊斯蘭宗教信仰，是否乃影響回族個體心理歷程與行動取向的關鍵所在。基於此，本研究以質性研究的「深入訪談法」為切入點，對6位回族個人圍繞著研究議題進行了訪談。在對受訪者的個人經驗進行深入分析後，研究結果發現：回族個體有著明確清晰的民族認同，具體體現在伊斯蘭宗教信仰及現實生活中的價值觀念與外顯行為規範等面向；但在互動過程中並不會以「我族-他族」的民族差等性意識來看待與漢族個人的互動。即使與漢族在互動中產生了衝突，在回族個體的認知中也僅是「雙方個人的私人事務」。此外，回族個體在與漢族他人產生衝突之時，傾向於判斷自己與對方的關係親疏差異，並依此在互動場域中採取不同的態度與行動取向。由此可以看到，回族個體與漢族的互動或衝突，應當是兩個獨立個體之間的社會互動。

Daily social interactions between the Hui and Han minzu (officially referred to as “the ethnic group in China”) are quite normal and inevitable. As such, it is essential for us to understand how certain Hui individuals conceptualize the social interaction and conflict with Hans. The preliminary aim of the study is to analyze in-depth the experience of social interaction and conflict for Hui individuals with Hans, in order to examine the psychological processes and motivation of Hui individuals when interacting with Hans. The researcher conducted six in-depth interviews with Hui people. Results indicate that Hui individuals share a clear sense of ethnic identity of the Hui minzu and a strong faith in the Islamic religion, while they do not regard the interaction and conflict with Han individuals as 'interaction among different ethnic groups', or 'us vs. them'. Instead, they regard such interactions as just another type of private social interactions.