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標題: | 密閉式植物工場水耕栽培結球萵苣之研究 Study on Cultivating Hydroponic Crisphead Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) in Closed-type Plant Factory |
作者: | Chih-Yuan Chang 張至緣 |
指導教授: | 羅筱鳳(Hsiao-Feng Lo) |
共同指導教授: | 林淑怡(Shu-I Lin) |
關鍵字: | 植物工場,結球萵苣,養液配方,電導度,光強度,日/夜溫,光週期, plant factory,Crisphead lettuce,nutrient formula,electronic conductivity,light intensity,day/night temperature,photoperiod, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 結球萵苣(Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata)屬於溫帶作物,臺灣慣以冬季裡作栽培,此時主要進口國因寒冷及大雪不適合種植,故臺灣可外銷。而臺灣夏季高溫長日不適其生長,須由國外進口供應。本研究探討於密閉式植物工場栽培結球萵苣的適合環境條件,期有助於解決臺灣農藥施用與硝酸鹽累積過多、夏季不適栽培等問題,進而減少夏季進口結球萵苣之需求。
以結球萵苣10個栽培品種為試驗材料,根據苗期及育成期之壯苗指數、幼苗鮮重、維生素C含量、葉球堅實度、硝酸鹽與可溶性固形物含量,挑選表現較佳之‘常利六號’作為後續試驗材料。‘常利六號’分別以山崎萵苣、Hoagland、高萵苣、修改之Hoagland和Lee養液配方等栽培,於Lee配方養液中生長之葉球具有較佳產量(315.3 g)、較佳可溶性固形物含量(2.83 μg∙g-1)與葉球堅實度(26.75 N)和較低的硝酸鹽含量(430.7μg∙g-1),故選擇Lee養液配方進行後續試驗。相較於15 15 cm 行株距,‘常利六號’以30 30 cm行株距栽培之葉球較大,球重456.6 g達到市場標準。將‘常利六號’栽培在電導度0.4、0.8、1.2與1.6 mS·cm-1之Lee配方養液中,於1.2 mS·cm-1生長者有較佳葉球鮮重(295.7 g),結球亦較完整。繼以Lee養液配方為基礎(對照組),分別將氮、鉀、鈣、磷、鎂與硫濃度調整為2倍及0.5倍,但EC值維持1.2 mS·cm-1,結果皆以對照組之葉球較重,結球情形、可溶性固形物含量和葉球堅實度較佳,硝酸鹽含量較低,故以EC值1.2 mS·cm-1之Lee養液配方進行後續試驗。‘常利六號’栽培在250、200及150 μmol∙m-2∙s-1三種光強度下,繼以150 μmol∙m-2∙s-1處理之葉球較大(377.7 g)。以150 μmol∙m-2∙s-1光強度於20 h /4 h、16 h /8 h與11 h /13 h三種光週期栽培‘常利六號’,16 h/8 h與11 h/13 h處理之葉球鮮重皆較高(396.9 g與367.7 g),但11 h/13 h之結球情形較佳。於自然光照下,在日夜溫35 ℃/30 ℃、30 ℃/25 ℃、25 ℃/20 ℃、20 ℃/15 ℃及15 ℃/13 ℃下栽培‘常利六號’,以20 ℃/15 ℃及15 ℃/13 ℃處理有較佳的葉球鮮重(359.4 g及365.8 g)、可溶性固形物含量(4.61μg∙g-1 和4.95 μg∙g-1)和葉球堅實度(27.3 N及19.1 N),較低的硝酸鹽含量(640.1μg∙g-1和770.1μg∙g-1),但從節省能源考量,20 ℃/15 ℃為較合適之日夜溫。 故於密閉式植物工場內栽培結球萵苣,建議選用‘常利六號’,以維持電導度於1.2 mS·cm-1之Lee配方養液進行水耕栽培,行株距為30 30 cm,並設定光強度150 µmol·m-2·s-1、光週期 11 h/13 h及日夜溫 20 ℃/15 ℃,可達較佳之產量(398.6 g)、可溶性固形物(4.85。Brix)含量和葉球堅實度(23.7 N)與較低的硝酸鹽含量(629.3 μg∙g-1)。 Crisphead lettuce was originated from temperate zone. In Taiwan, the climate in winter is suitable for producing crisphead lettuce, while the low temperature and snow during this period in the main importing countries was not suitable for cultivation. Crisphead lettuce can not be cultivated in summer in Taiwan due to heat and long daylength, so import from other countries is needed. This research aimed on the optimal environmental conditions for cultivating pesticides free and low nitrate content crisphead lettuce in closed type plant factory year-round hopefully and decrease imported lettuce in Taiwan. Ten commercial cultivars of crisphead lettuce were planted hydroponically in the greenhouse. According to horticultural characters of seedling and leafhead, 'Changli-No.6' was selected as the experimentedal material. ‘Changli-No.6’ was hydroponically grown with 5 nutrient formula, including lettuce of Yamazaki, Hoagland, lettuce of Gao, modified Hoagland and Lee. ‘Chang-li No. 6’ grown with Lee formula showed higher total soluble solid content (2.83。Brix), firmness (26.75 N) and fresh weight (315.3 g) of leafhead. Hence Lee formula was selected for next experiments. Comparing to spacing of 15 cm 15 cm, ‘Chang-li No. 6’ cultivated with 30 cm 30 cm had heavier leafhead (456.6 g). Hydroponic ‘Chang-li No. 6’ was grown in Lee nutrient solution with electronic conductivities of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mS∙cm-1. In 1.2 mS∙cm-1 treatment, higher fresh weight (295.7 g) of leafhead was obtained. Based on Lee formula, the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were modified to 2 and 0.5 times separately at EC 1.2 mS∙cm-1. The original Lee nutrient formula with EC 1.2 mS∙cm-1 exhibited higher fresh weight and ascorbic acid content of leafhead. ‘Chang-li No. 6’ was cultivated hydroponically with light intensities of 250, 200 and 150 μmol∙m-2∙s-1. Under 150 μmol∙m-2∙s-1, ‘Chang-li No. 6’ produced heavier leafhead (377.7 g). Among photoperiods of 20 h /4 h, 16 h /8 h and 11 h /13 h under 150 μmol∙m-2∙s-1, 11 h/13 h treatment exhibited higher fresh weight (367.7 g) of leafhead. Day/night temperatures of 35 ℃/30 ℃, 30 ℃/25 ℃, 25 ℃/20 ℃, 20 ℃/15 ℃ and 15 ℃/13 ℃ were treated on hydroponic ‘Chang-li No. 6’ under natural light. Higher fresh weight (359.4 g and 365.8 g), total soluble solid content (4.61。Brix and 4.95。Brix) and firmness (27.3 N and 19.1 N) and lower nitrate content (640.1 μg∙g-1and 770.1 μg∙g-1) of leafhead were exhibited in 20 ℃/15 ℃ and 15 ℃/13 ℃ treatments. Concerning energy conservation, 20 ℃/15 ℃ was optimal temperatures for production of crisphead lettuce ‘Changli-No.6’. In closed type plant factory, it is suggested hydroponic crisphead lettuce 'Changli-No.6' to be cultivated with Lee nutrient formula, EC 1.2 mS∙cm-1, light intensity 150 μmol∙m-2∙s-1, photoperiod 11 h /13 h and day/night temperatures 20 ℃/15 ℃. The highest fresh weight 398.6 g , total soluble solid content 4.85。Brix and firmness 23.7 N, and lower nitrate content 629.3 μg∙g-1 of leafhead could be achieved. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/19506 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201600214 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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