台灣生技醫藥廠商發展策略之探討

Abstract

生技醫藥產業為高風險高報酬的產業。原廠暢銷藥物(blockbuster drug)一年的銷售額可達十億美元以上，但發展這類暢銷藥物的平均成本超過5-8億美元，平均一種藥物的發展時間可達十年以上，且藥物成功上市的機率僅為5%。相對的，學名藥(generic drug)市場目前正快速發展，發展風險、時間和成本均低於原廠藥(innovator drug)，但學名藥物產品無法受到專利的保護，各學名藥廠間競爭激烈。此研究分析三個歐美生技醫藥廠所使用的發展策略(development strategy)，藉此作為台灣生技醫藥廠商的借鏡。分析結果顯示台灣生技醫藥產業的優勢在於龐大的高齡市場、高品質的醫療基礎建設、完善的人才培育及有利於產業發展的政策，但產業弱勢在於市場規模過小及資金的不足。台灣生技醫藥廠商可透過專利授權、策略聯盟、併購等方式克服以上弱勢，並適當發揮以上產業優勢。

The biopharmaceutical industry is a high-risk, high-return industry. Innovator blockbuster drugs can generate more than 1 billion USD annually, but average costs for developing these blockbuster drugs exceeds 500-800 million, average development times exceed ten years, and the odds of a drug successfully making it to market is less than 5%. By contrast, generic drugs can be developed quickly and with less cost, but are not covered by patent protection, and are therefore faced with more intense levels of competition. This study examines the development strategies of three global biopharmaceutical firms; our analysis results show that the advantages of Taiwanese firms lie in the expanding market for elderly care, high-quality clinical infrastructure, comprehensive training, and governmental policies beneficial for industry development. However, competitive disadvantages lie in lack of market scale and financial support. Taiwanese firms can consider utilizing their advantages and making up for their disadvantages through licensing, strategic alliance, and mergers and acquisitions.