認知重評與認知閉合需求間交互作用對心理健康的影響

Abstract

許多過去研究顯示認知重評對心理健康有正面影響。然而，採用認知重評的益處可能會因為個體在認知閉合需求上的差異而有所不同。因為認知重評需經過大量認知歷程，且低認知閉合需求的個體對認知的重新建構較為開放，我們假設低認知閉合需求的個體能夠從認知重評的運用中有較多獲益，而高認知閉合需求者則否。本研究結果指出，日常生活中的高頻率認知重評使用者通常是那些低認知閉合需求的個體。並且，低認知閉合需求的個體比高認知閉合需求的個體更能藉由認知重評對心理健康及人際關係有正向的影響，而低認知閉合需求者這方面的優勢在個體使用注意力分散為情緒調節策略時就變得比較小或甚至劣於高認知閉合需求者。上面這些結果顯示認知閉合需求確實在認知重評與健康指標的關係中扮演了重要的角色。研究結果的意涵以及未來發展方向也在本文中進行討論。

Most past research findings showed that cognitive reappraisal has positive effects on psychological well-being. However, the benefits associated with cognitive reappraisal may be affected by individual differences in need for cognitive closure (NFCC). Because cognitive reappraisal requires a good amount of cognitive processing and individuals low on NFCC are more accustomed to engaging in effortful cognitive activity, we hypothesized that individuals low on NFCC would use cognitive reappraisal more frequently and effectively compared to those high on NFCC. Our results indicated that NFCC is inversely related to use of cognitive reappraisal. Also, low-NFCC individuals reported greater psychological and interpersonal well-being than high-NFCC individuals when adopting cognitive reappraisal, whereas the reverse was found when individuals engaged in attentional distraction. Implications and future research directions were discussed.