成年一、二級毒品成癮者烙印感、社會支持與復發意向之相關性研究

Abstract

本研究旨在檢視成年毒品成癮者之人口特性、烙印感、社會支持以及復發意向之間的關係。研究對象以新店戒治所、臺中戒治所、高雄戒治所、桃園女子戒治中所有之受戒治者為母群體，共得有效樣本數142名。本研究為量化研究，研究工具採用自行翻譯之Luoma等人(2012)所編製之物質濫用者烙印感量表(the Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale，SASSS)、張麗玉(2010)所編製之社會支持量表、以及林瑞欽和黃秀瑄(2003)編修之吸毒再犯預測量表。 迴歸分析之研究結果顯示，毒品成癮者之「性別」和「烙印感」可預測其復發意向。毒品成癮者之烙印感越深，其復發意向越高。男性毒品成癮者之復發意向高於女性毒品成癮者。透過相關分析發現毒品成癮者之「使用毒品年數」與復發意向達正相關、「家人支持」與復發意向子構面「情境引發」、「毒品接觸引發」達負相關。使用毒品年數越長之毒品成癮者，其復發意向越高。而家人支持越低之毒品成癮者，其受到情境引發、毒品接觸引發而產生復發意向之可能性越高。 相關分析後亦顯示，毒品成癮者之烙印感達顯著相關之變項包括「社會支持」、「年齡」、「使用毒品年數」、「初次吸毒時間」。毒品成癮者之社會支持越高，其烙印感越低。毒品成癮者年齡越大，其烙印感越深。毒品成癮者之使用毒品年數越長，其烙印感越深。毒品成癮者之初次吸毒時間越晚，其烙印感越深。 毒品成癮者之人口特性部分，發現多數研究參與者之年齡分布廣泛、用毒年數偏長、初次吸毒年齡分布廣泛。多數研究參與者未婚、有正職工作、以吸食安非他命居多。最後根據研究結論提出四項未來實務建議：加強毒品成癮者家庭之支持性與教育性服務、協助藥癮者脫離犯罪者之汙名、透過強化三級預防之方式處理青少年用藥防治問題、對於用毒年數長者及不同性別之藥癮者處遇應更具多元化。

This study aimed to examine the relationships among the demographic variables of adult level I or level II drug addicts, namely: self-stigma, social support and tendency to relapse. This study employed a qualitative method. Of 142 samples from Kaohsiung Drug Abuse Treatment Center, Sindian Drug Abuse Treatment Center, Taichung Drug Abuse Treatment Center and Taoyuan Women’s Drug Abuse Treatment Center. The Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale, the Relapse Prediction Scale and Social Support were used as this study’s research tools. Through regression analysis, the research results indicated two conclusions; (1)Self-Stigma of the drug addicts predicted their tendency to relapse. (2)Gender of the drug addicts predicted their tendency to relapse. Female drug addicts relapse more easily. Through analysis of correlation, the research results related to tendency to relapse indicated two conclusions: (1)Positive correlation was found between years of drug use on the part of the drug addicts and their tendency to relapse. (2)Negative correlation was found between family support of the drug addicts and their tendency to relapse, which was induced by circumstances, as well as their acceptance of drugs. Through analysis of correlation, the research results related to self-stigma indicated four conclusions: (1)Negative correlation was found between self-stigma among the drug addicts and social support of the drug addicts. (2)Positive correlation was found between self-stigma and age of drug addicts. (3)Positive correlation was found between self-stigma and years of drug use by the drug addicts. (4)Positive correlation was found between self-stigma and initial taking drugs. The research results concerning the demographic variable of the drug addicts indicated several conclusions: the age of the study participants was found to be the most widely distributed, with a wide range of initial drug use. Besides, most participants were unmarried, with full-time jobs. Most participants took amphetamines. Based on the findings, this study proposed four practical suggestions: (1)Strengthening the family support of drug addicts and educational services. (2)Helping drug addicts to overcome public stigma. (3)Strengthening juvenile drug abuse prevention through strengthening a three-tier prevention strategy. (4) For drug addicts with longer years of drug use and different gender of drug use more multiple treatment programs should be formulated.