公車捷運系統服務品質評估方法之研究

Abstract

公車捷運系統(BRT)最早於南美洲城市開始推動，而其成功經驗也為世界其他各大城市爭相學習效仿。近十幾年來，全球BRT系統的數目呈現急遽成長的趨勢。1992年至2001年間，全世界只有23個城市興建BRT系統，而自從2002年開始至今，已有115個城市設置了新的BRT系統。截至2013年底，全世界共有168個城市設有BRT系統或高品質公車走廊，總長度超過4,400公里，每日載客量總計高達三千萬人次以上，該系統已成為世界都市公共運輸發展及改善都市交通重要的選項之一。本研究之目的即在於建立BRT服務水準之評估方法，研究中首先回顧該系統及服務水準評估相關文獻，選擇以公車於站台發生的延滯作為評估其服務水準之指標，再利用系統模擬的方式，以臺中快捷巴士BRT為個案分析對象，獲得該延滯指標在不同情境下對其影響因素之相關數據，並應用迴歸分析方法求得延滯之預測模式，進而建立服務水準分級表。本研究在服務水準評估模式以及服務等級分類方面的成果，不僅可作為既有公車捷運系統服務品質與績效評估及研擬改善策略之依據，亦可用以規劃設計新建的BRT系統。

Bus Rapid Transit System was first implemented in South America and its successful experience had been learned by cities around the world. The BRT systems have been tremendously grown in the last decade. From 1992 to 2001, only 23 cities had implemented new BRT systems or busways while 123 cities have implemented BRT systems since 2002. Today, more than 168 cities around the world have implemented 4,400 kilometers of BRT which carry over 30 million daily passenger trips. However, there were few researches on the evaluation of service quality for BRT systems. This paper aims to develop a method for accessing the service quality of BRT system. First, delay has been selected as the SQ indicator based on review of previous researches. Then, the data and influences of important factors on delay are generated by the simulation of Taichung BRT system. Regression analysis is then applied to develop the mathematical model and identify the relationship of delay and other important factors. Last, the study proposes the classification model for SQ accordingly. It is expected that the results of this paper could help of conducting SQ assessment and formulating improvement strategies for the existing BRT systems as well as conducting planning and design of new BRT systems.