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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 左正東(Chen-Dong Tso) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hsin-Yi Lee | en |
dc.contributor.author | 李欣儀 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T00:29:23Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2013-07-10 | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2013-07-04 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 參考文獻
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/17667 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 1990年代初期,東亞新興工業化國家成衣製造商受到柬埔寨「廉價勞力」、「貨幣與美元掛鉤」、「獲得成衣進口國大量配額之潛力」、「相對完善的勞工保護制度」,以及「穩定的國家情勢」等等因素吸引,將柬埔寨作為第三波全球紡織與製衣價值鏈轉換的轉移地,陸續於柬埔寨設立工廠,大量外國投資帶動成衣產業的蓬勃發展。成衣製品為柬埔寨主要的出口產品之一,其出口值佔國家總出口值的70%以上,出口成衣產品超過80%銷往歐美市場,創造出170萬個以上的正式與非正式工作機會。目前於柬埔寨運作的成衣公司中,有超過90%為外國籍的成衣製造商/供應商,這些外國籍公司受限於勞動力素質,僅於柬埔寨進行簡單來料加工,柬埔寨難以藉由外資投入獲得生產知識與技術的轉移。
本研究發現,柬埔寨成衣產業中存在包含製造商/供應商、勞工以及國際買家/採購商等重要的利益關係者,這些利益關係者間呈現一種製造商/供應商需獲得國際買家/採購商訂單,勞工需要獲得製造商/供應商提供工作機會,而國際買家/採購商則重視成衣廠工作環境以擺脫血汗工廠汙名的循環。這個循環加上紡織與製衣產業的買家導向價值鏈特性,造就利益關係者於產業中的上下權力關係,而這種權力關係直接影響了柬埔寨政府的產業政策方向,正由於成衣產業政策多是為了滿足重要利益關係者的需求,國家於成衣產業發展中扮演著「成衣利益關係者競爭網絡下妥協者」的角色。總結來說,柬埔寨成衣產業雖為帶動經濟發展的主要部門,然而當前高度依賴外國投資,以及產品多數出口至歐美市場的發展模式,不僅使成衣產業易因國際波動而出現起伏,國家以製造商/供應商、國際買家/採購商意見為政策主軸的作法,亦限制政府主導產業發展方向的可能。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | In 1990's, newly industrialized countries from East Asia were attracted by cheap labours, peg-against-dollar system, better market access to garment-imported countries, labour regulation as well as increasing stability of political system, and selected Cambodia as their destination in the third production migration of textile and apparel industry. Since then, abundant foreign investment has brought momentum into Cambodia's garment sector and made it the leading sector of all export-oriented industries. Garment products represent more than 70% of the total exports, and 80% of the garment exports are going to Western markets. It has created more than 1.7 millions direct and indirect job opportunities. It's worth noting that more than 90% operating manufacturers in Cambodia are foreign-owned, they chose to conduct CMT (cut make & trim) work due to poor quality of labour force which restricted Cambodia from absorbing new skills and technologies through these foreign investors.
This research finds that there are some significant stakeholders involving in Cambodia's garment sector, which are manufacturers(mainly foreign-owned), international buyers, and local labours. The interaction among these stakeholders is under a loop-type relation: 1) manufacturers need orders from international buyers; 2) labours need work opportunities offered by manufacturers; 3) international buyers care about working condition issue to prevent from being called sweatshops. This loop-type relation reflects the hierarchical order of actors which influences state's attitude and policies used regarding garment sector. Cambodia's garment-related policies show that state is a 'soft-liner' under the competition networks among stakeholders. State has no power to decide the future direction of development, and all the policies are conducted to fulfill the needs of influential stakeholders. Garment sector is definitely the leading engine to economic prosperity in Cambodia, however, the over-dependence on foreign investment and western markets could make this sector sensitive to international fluctuation, and also limit the possibility for state from leading the direction of garment sector's future development. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T00:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-102-R98322059-1.pdf: 1993373 bytes, checksum: 763df6c0fbf09a2a70dc5b9865d8a750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目 錄
口試委員會審定...............................................I 謝辭......................................................II 中文摘要...................................................VI 英文摘要..................................................VII 專有名詞略語表............................................VIII 第一章 緒論.................................................1 第一節 研究背景與問題意識......................................1 第二節 研究架構與章節安排......................................8 第三節 文獻回顧.............................................10 第四節 名詞定義、研究方法與限制................................23 第二章 成衣產業全球佈局與柬埔寨成衣產業發展現況...................30 第一節 全球紡織與製衣供應鏈及價值鏈.............................30 第二節 配額制度與成衣產業發展..................................45 第三節 國際因素與柬埔寨成衣產業發展.............................57 第四節 小結................................................64 第三章 柬埔寨成衣產業利益關係者發展及與政府關係...................67 第一節 外國直接投資與國際買家/採購商............................67 第二節 勞工、工會與勞工規.....................................80 第三節 利益關係者與政府關係...................................93 第四節 小結...............................................105 第四章 柬埔寨國家機器與成衣產業發展............................108 第一節 國家發展策略與成衣產業政策..............................108 第二節 投資獎勵、貿易政策與危機應變措施.........................116 第三節 勞工法規與爭端解決機制.................................129 第四節 發展型國家模型與柬埔寨成衣產業政策.......................139 第五節 小結.............................................148 第五章 結論...............................................151 參考文獻..................................................156 附錄一、成衣產業利益關係者訪談記錄.............................170 附錄二、柬埔寨政府官員訪談記錄................................184 圖表目次 圖目次 圖1-1、研究架構圖............................................9 圖1-2、訪談設計與目的........................................28 圖2-1、紡織與製衣產業的產業供應鏈..............................37 圖2-2、ODM模式下研發上架流程(秋冬商品).........................43 圖2-3、OBM模式下研發上架流程(秋冬商品) ........................43 圖2-4、2001-2009年柬埔寨成衣出口單價變化.......................54 圖2-5、2001-2009年柬埔寨成衣出口數量統計.......................54 圖2-6、2004年-2010年柬埔寨成衣出口數額........................63 圖2-7、2004年-2010年歐美市場成衣進口數額.......................63 圖3-1、成衣產業製造商/供應商國籍比例............................69 圖3-2、各國籍公司資本累積額...................................69 圖3-3、柬埔寨成衣公司的三種運作模式比例.........................70 圖3-4、GMAC組織架構圖.......................................75 圖3-5、柬埔寨工會四階層......................................87 圖3-6、G-PSF機制運作示意圖...................................95 圖3-7、BFC下各利益關係者與政府之相互關係圖.....................104 圖3-8、柬埔寨各利益關係者與政府相互關係圖.......................107 圖4-1、柬埔寨第二階段四角發展策略.............................111 圖4-2、柬埔寨投資批准程序流程圖...............................119 圖4-3、TAC勞資糾紛解決流程圖.................................138 表目次 表1-1、柬埔寨國民議會選舉得票率與席次分配.........................6 表1-2、柬埔寨政治穩定四面向評估分析表(1991-至今) ................13 表1-3、成衣產業相關訪談部門與日期..............................25 表2-1、全球紡織品主要出口國出口統計.............................33 表2-2、全球紡織與製衣產業三波全球佈局轉換........................40 表2-3、ATC下三階段紡織品與成衣配額刪減..........................52 表3-1、Polo衫製造成本分配表..................................71 表3-2、柬埔寨成衣產品前20大國際買家............................72 表3-3、外國投資發展困境......................................80 表3-4、ILO八項核心公約批准時間表..............................82 表3-5、UDC與FDC內容比較表...................................85 表3-6、勞工發展困境.........................................93 表4-1、柬埔寨王國政府1993-2003發展策略與計畫...................112 表4-2、柬埔寨新舊投資法比較表................................120 表4-3、SEZ開發者與投資者之投資獎勵............................127 表4-4、國家機器介入產業發展之特徵.............................140 表4-5、柬埔寨成衣產業相關政策與背後影響因素.....................147 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 1993年至2013年柬埔寨國家機器與成衣業發展間關係研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Relationship between State and Development of Garment Industry in Cambodia from 1993 to 2013 | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 101-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 楊昊(Hao Yang),邱奕宏(Yi-Hung Chiou) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 柬埔寨,紡織與製衣價值鏈,多種纖維協定,更佳工廠計畫,成衣產業政策, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Cambodia,Textile and Apparel Value Chain,Multi-fiber Agreement,Better Factories Cambodia,Garment Industry, | en |
dc.relation.page | 196 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2013-07-04 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 社會科學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 政治學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 政治學系 |
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