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Title: | 中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區制度設計之法律經濟分析 An Economic Analysis of Legal Institutions Concerning China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone |
Authors: | Zhong-Nan Lin 林中楠 |
Advisor: | 簡資修(Tze-Shiou Chien) |
Keyword: | 中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區,負面清單,服務業開放,外匯安排制度,自貿區監管, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone,Negative List,Opening up of service sectors,foreign exchange administrative system,FTZ regulatory environment, |
Publication Year : | 2014 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 隨著全球經濟格局的重構,中國大陸爲了適應新的形勢而開始了一系列的經濟金融改革,而去年掛牌成立的中國大陸第一個自由貿易區——中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區即為其中一個充滿潛力的試驗場。本文試圖以自貿區的《外商投資准入特別管理措施(2013年)》即負面清單和總體方案為依據,結合中國大陸國民經濟行業的實際,進行綜合交叉比較,對上海自貿區的具體制度進行法律經濟分析,探究這一全新發展平臺的潛力。
對於自貿區的一般定義、特徵等與此前在大陸廣泛設立的保稅區有著一定差異,結合中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區的設立過程和歷史淵源可以發現,中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區的設立,既基於保稅區升級的需求,又出於國內經濟體制和行政改革的動力,同時還有國際壓力的背景原因。 中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區制度創新的三大重點,即外商投資管理體制改革、服務業擴大對外開放與金融領域創新。 針對自貿區的外商投資管理,上海市於自貿區掛牌成立當日出臺公佈了《中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區外商投資准入特別管理措施(負面清單)(2013年)》。這份文件一改過去對外商投資准入的正面清單管理模式,列明限制和禁止外商准入的領域,負面清單之外,則一律享受准入前國民待遇。負面清單模式在自貿區的實際效果及在實踐中可能產生的一些具體法律問題,是本文考察的內容。 依據《中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區總體方案》附件,大陸市場明確開放了6大領域18個服務行業的23項擴大開放措施。將總體方案的開放措施和同行業負面清單的特別管理措施交叉比較,并結合大陸市場的具體情況,能夠考察服務業相關領域開放的前景。 自貿區的金融制度創新則涉及資本項目可兌換和外匯制度的調整變動。經濟學理論中的「三元悖論」指出,對一國而言,在貨幣政策獨立、匯率穩定和資本自由流動這三個政策目標當中,只能選擇實現其中兩個,不可能同時三者兼得。根據這一理論,大陸未來的外匯制度會逐漸朝向浮動匯率制調整。 建設中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區的主要任務是探索中國經濟對外開放的新路徑和新模式,同時推動加快轉變政府職能和行政體制改革,促進轉變經濟增長方式和優化經濟結構,實現以開放促發展、促改革、促創新,「形成可複製、可推廣的經驗,服務全國的發展」。因此上述三大重點的最終落腳點,即是政府行政體制的轉換。 With the reconstruction of the global economic situation, the Chinese mainland set up its first FTZ - China (Shanghai) Free Trade Zone in order to adapt to the new global economic trend and began a series of internal economic and financial reforms. This paper attempts to stick to these two official legal files: 「Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) on Foreign Investment Access to the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Zone(2013)」 and 「Framework Plan for the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone」. By making a comprehensive cross-comparison with the reality of various services, an economic analysis of legal institutions concerning China (Shanghai) Free Trade Zone will be made. Before the China (Shanghai) Free Trade Zone, there are quite a lot of FTZ widely established in the mainland. The China (Shanghai) Free Trade Zone consists of four former FTZs, but is functionally upgraded. The Three key system innovations of China (Shanghai) Free Trade Zone are: the innovation on foreign investment access, services opening up and the financial system innovation. For foreign investment management, the negative list forms a new pattern monitoring foreign investment. This document lists all the service sectors that foreign investment is restricted or prohibited to. On the other side, all the service sectors not on the negative list enjoy the national treatment. According to 'Framework Plan for the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone' attachment, the mainland market liberalization opens 18 service sectors by 23 measures. The financial services, transportation services, commerce and trade services, professional services, cultural services, and public services sectors are selected to be enlarged and opened, and market access restrictions such as requirements concerning the qualification of investors, limitations on foreign participation, restrictions concerning business scope, etc., will be suspended or cancelled, in order to create an environment of equal market access for the benefit of all investors. Accelerate the innovation of the financial system. Under proper risk control, the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone will pilot RMB capital account convertibility, interest rate liberalization, and the cross-border use of RMB. In China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, the assets by the financial institutions will be at market rate. According to the impossible trinity, the foreign exchange rate will finally fluctuate in line with international practice in order to leave capital movement free and retain monetary autonomy. The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone is a national strategy aiming to expedite the functional transformation of government, explore administrative innovation, stimulate trading and investment facilitation and accumulate experience on achieving a more open Chinese economy. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/16771 |
Fulltext Rights: | 未授權 |
Appears in Collections: | 法律學系 |
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