護理之家室內熱舒適與改善對策之研究

Abstract

現今，護理之家因中央空調系統的使用造成室內溫度過低且分布不均的情形，此問題在多人寢室內尤其顯著影響住民對環境的熱舒適程度。 過去有研究建議應以寢室為單位分區通風方式進行溫度和濃度控制，經我們實際模擬結果卻依然無法解決分布不均的問題。為了使空間內溫度能夠落在適當的人體對環境溫度舒適範圍，並且讓空間中各床位能有相近的熱環境分布，本研究主要利用狹長型排氣系統進行主動流場控制，以各床位為單位落實分區獨立通風。 設計單人寢室尺寸並將浴廁空間移除以保持寢室幾何對稱，目的在於排除其他不確定因素所造成的流場偏差。本研究藉由改變狹長型排氣系統抽氣口和進氣口的條件並依據流場特徵發展出三種不同模態。結果發現，抽氣口設置在床頭牆面且抽氣速度設為2.0 m/s時，其對於人體上下肢的環境溫度分布最為平均，尤其天花板進氣口離牆面距離設置在2.2至2.8 m相對佳。 為了比較通風系統間的溫控差異，本研究進一步比較狹長型排氣系統含其他常見的通風方式，包含一般中央空調系統、壁掛式冷氣機、四方吹型冷氣機。結果發現其他通風系統會使人體上下肢暴露在差異甚大的熱環境中，僅狹長型排氣系統可最有效控制溫度在一特定值，對於溫度及流場的控制能力最為良好。

Nowadays, the use of central air conditioning systems in nursing homes causes the indoor temperature to be too low and unevenly distributed. This problem particularly affects the thermal comfort of residents in multi-person bedroom. This study mainly used a slot-type ventilation system for active flow control and implemented independent ventilation in zones in order to allow the temperature in the space to fall within the comfortable range of the human body to the ambient temperature, and to allow the beds in the space to have similar thermal environment. First, the size of the single bedroom is designed with reference to the hospital design manual. By changing the conditions of air intake and air inlet and developing four different modes according to the characteristics of the flow field. Setting total flow rate at 0.012 m3/min, it was found that when the slot type air intake was set on the bedside wall, the mode when the air inlet distance is set at 2.2 to 2.8 m can make the human body's thermal comfort temperature evenly distributed. Compared the general central air conditioning system, wall mounted air conditioner, and ceiling cassette air conditioner with the slot-type ventilation system in a single room. The slot type ventilation system can most effectively control the temperature at a specific value, so it has the best control ability for temperature and flow field. It can develop a stable flow pattern to control the indoor temperature distribution. The advantage of its low flow rate then achieves the effect of energy saving. Finally, the predicted mean vote model used in this study is unfair to the evaluation of various ventilation systems, so it is not recommended to use it under conditions of large indoor velocity differences.