塑化劑事件的風險溝通與論述分析

Abstract

2011年5月爆發震驚全國的塑化劑汙染食品事件，不肖業者違法將塑化劑加入起雲劑中，造成大量食品遭受汙染。本研究以塑化劑事件為研究個案，採取文獻分析法，輔以深度訪談法作為補充。首先描繪塑化劑事件的整體脈絡，包含事件爆發、影響、後續發展、處理機制，以及塑化劑管制現況等歷程背景，藉此釐清完整的來龍去脈。 其次，透過論述分析途徑，觀察特定行動者彼此形成的互動和競爭關係，辨識其如何運用論述策略，建構一套論述內容影響決策者，聚焦於四個面向：塑膠業者與學者專家對於管制規範層級之「經濟發展與科學理性」論述競爭；監察院與行政院對於事件處理評價之「行政失靈與改革制度」論述歧異；民間團體與政府機關對於風險認知落差之「風險揭露與風險管控」論述衝突；未來食品安全管理制度改進策略之「溝通困境與預警措施」論述內容。 本研究主要的發現包括：1.在科學不確定性論述的主導下，導致經濟誘因與國人健康的論述競爭；2.食品行政管理主義的失靈，故未來設置食品履歷系統成為共識；3.政府與民間的風險管控衝突，產生延遲揭露訊息的爭議；4.風險溝通實際運作的成效落差，應以及早預警作為目標。期望藉由研究結果，反思我國風險溝通及食品安全管理制度等缺失，並提供未來政策改革建議。

The plasticizer contamination event shocked the nation in May 2011. Unscrupulous business people illegally added plasticizer to clouding agents, resulting in a large amount contaminated food. Taking plasticizer contamination event as a case study, this study adopts literature analysis, complemented by in-depth interviews. First, the study describes the overall context of the event, including its outbreak, impacts, subsequent development, handling mechanism, and current control on plasticizer in order to clarify the ins and outs of the event. Moreover, I observed the interaction and the competitive relationship among specific actors, and identified how they use discourse strategies to construct discourse content in order to influence policy maker through the discourse analysis approach. Focusing on four dimensions: the discourse competition between plastic manufacturers and experts about the regulation level of “economic development and scientific rationality”; the discourse discrepancy between the Control Yuan and the Executive Yuan about handling evaluation of “administrative failure and institutional reform”; the discourse conflict between the general public and the government about the risk perception gap of “risk disclosure and risk management”; the discourse content about “communication dilemmas and precautionary measures” for future improvement on food safety management systems. The major findings of the study include: 1. Under the discourse of scientific uncertainty, it may lead to the discourse competition between economic incentives and citizens' health. 2. The failure of food administrative managerialism, so there will be a consensus of setting a food traceability system in the future. 3. The risk management conflict between the lay people and the government provoked the controversy about delayed disclosure of message. 4. Since there is a gap among the actual operation of risk communication, the government should warn people in advance as the goal. This study attempts to reflect on the weakness of risk communication and food safety management system, and provides suggestions for future policy reform.