戰國秦漢簡帛校讀方法研究

Abstract

本論文題目為「戰國秦漢簡帛校讀方法研究」，以新出土的戰國秦漢簡帛文獻為研究的主體，研究的內容主要分為三部分，分別為：（一）錯誤類型校勘的分析、（二）特殊的語言文字現象和書寫現象的探究、（三）釋讀方法的歸納。在簡帛文獻的校讀方面，和古書相較，有其特殊的地方，值得探究。 （一）錯誤類型校勘的分析。古書在流傳抄寫的過程中，由於種種的原因，不免會產生錯誤，如果不能校勘錯誤，便會影響閱讀與對文義的理解。簡帛文獻也有許多的錯誤，本文藉著分析形成錯誤的現象與原因，列舉校勘的實例，來呈現校勘簡帛文獻的方法。 （二）特殊的語言文字現象和書寫現象的探究。簡帛文獻是戰國秦漢時代的抄本，它反映著當時語言表達和文字書寫的現象，能明瞭這些現象，並掌握相關的條例，才能破除疑義而得其義旨。簡帛文獻中有一些特殊語言文字現象和書寫現象，本文揭示這些現象，並加以探究，找出相關的規律或所蘊含的意義。 （三）釋讀方法的歸納。簡帛文獻的釋讀，是件不容易的工作。戰國秦漢時代，去今已遠，尤其是戰國時代，字形往往奇詭難認，通假字的使用也很普遍，這都是困難的地方。釋讀簡帛文獻，往往先要析形認字，再進而因聲求義；然在認字、循聲和求義的過程中，皆有可能出現窒礙難通之處。本文分形、音、義三個方面來揭示釋讀的方法，列舉釋讀的實例來說明。 簡帛文獻校讀方法的研究，具有兩方面的意義；（一）從簡帛文獻本身來說，可以對簡帛文獻的整理與閱讀提供有用的經驗；（二）從熟悉簡帛文獻的校讀方法，有助於傳世古書的校讀。

This study, entitled “Text-critical approaches to the bamboo and silk manuscripts of the Warring States, Qin, and Han Periods,” concentrates on the bamboo and silk manuscripts of the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods. It is divided into three parts: 1) an analysis of the various types of mistakes and their corresponding emendations; 2) an examination of the various linguistic and grammatological as well as scribal phenomena; 3) the categorization of the approaches for deciphering and reading the texts. From the perspective of textual criticism, the bamboo and silk manuscripts contain several noteworthy features when compared with transmitted sources. 1) An analysis of the various types of mistakes and their corresponding emendations. In the transmission of ancient texts, mistake can appear for various reasons, and the failure to correct these mistakes affects one’s reading and understanding of the materials. The bamboo and silk manuscripts are not exceptional to this fact. By analyzing how and why mistakes appear in the manuscripts, this study presents, on the basis of actual examples, the approaches for emending newly excavated texts. 2) An examination of the various linguistic and grammatological as well as scribal phenomena. The bamboo and silk manuscripts are hand-written texts of the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods; they are representations of the language and writing of the time. Understanding the linguistic, grammatological, and scribal phenomena embedded in them and having a firm grasp of the relevant conventions, one can ultimately obtain a better sense of the texts. This study identifies and carefully examines those linguistic and grammatological phenomena that are particularly noteworthy, commenting on the patterns emerging from them as well as the significance lying behind them. 3) The categorization of the approaches for deciphering and reading the texts. The decipherment and reading of the bamboo and silk manuscripts present a daunting task. Given the distance in time, the writing of this period, especially of the Warring States period, is often difficult to make out, and the use of phonetic loans is also quite prevalent. To decipher and read these texts, it is necessary to first analyze the graphic form and identify the character, and then, on the basis of sound, to seek the semantic meaning. Given that one is likely to encounter many obstacles in the course, this study considers decipherment and reading from the perspectives of graph, sound, and meaning, and uses actual examples to present the relevant approaches. The textual criticism of the bamboo and silk manuscripts is important in two ways. First, for the texts themselves, this can provide a useful guideline for the editing and reading of the texts. Secondly, by familiarizing oneself with the approaches to newly excavated texts, it is possible, ultimately, to improve one’s understanding of the transmitted sources.