維吉尼亞•吳爾芙《戴洛維夫人》與童妮•摩里森《爵士樂》 中的空間、性別與創傷

Abstract

空間在兩位二十世紀重要女性作家─吳爾芙與摩里森的作品中是經常出現的議題。透由檢視這兩位作家作品中的空間配置可以揭露階層制度的結構運作和辨識出可以反抗壓迫的空間。駱斐博在《空間的生產》一書裡闡述西方哲學家和理論家對空間的不同概念，並且倡議提出一種關於空間的科學。此類科學在討論空間的生產時會納入知識、權力和社會關係的影響。透由駱斐博和女性地理學家的空間理論，本論文欲探究在維吉尼亞•吳爾芙《戴洛維夫人》與童妮•摩里森《爵士樂》兩本小說裡的城市與家庭、公共與私人空間配置如何與國家和社會體制的力量層層相關。希望透由對空間的探討揭露性別的二元分立與空間的關聯性，並分析因戰爭和種族歧視所引發的創傷如何從空間經驗去探究。透由兩位作者對於傳統制式化空間配置的挑戰，本論文欲研究這兩本小說能否挑戰和推翻被性別和種族歧視所掌控與影響的空間配置，並且開展出另外一種顛覆性的空間。

Space is a recurrent theme in the novels of Virginia Woolf and Toni Morrison, two major female writers of the 20th century. By inspecting the allocation of space in Woolf’s and Morrison’s novels, one may reveal hierarchical structures and discern spaces of resistance. Henri Lefebvre in The Production of Space expounds on the nuanced conceptions of space proposed by Western philosophers and theorists, arguing for a concrete “science of space” that takes into consideration the framework of knowledge, power and social relations in the production of space. By applying space theories of Lefebvre and feminist geographers, this thesis plans to investigate how the distribution of urban and domestic, public and private spaces portrayed in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Toni Morrison’s Jazz is intricately linked to and influenced by the hegemonic power of the state and the society, and to further reveal the pervasiveness of gender dichotomy in the society, and how the devastating effects of war trauma or racial trauma can be revealed through spatial experiences. Through the two authors’ challenging of conventional spatial allocation, the thesis will also explore the possibility of a reconceptualization of gendered and racial division of space, and to see whether an alternative subversive space is presented by Woolf and Morrison in Mrs. Dalloway and Jazz.