「長吉體」之形成與發展 ──以唐至元代效擬詩作為考察對象

Abstract

受「接受理論」觀點之啟發，本論文透過對唐至元代效擬詩作之檢視，以探究「長吉體」之形成與發展。本論文認為，「長吉體」不全然等同於李賀詩歌，它並非由李賀一人訂立而成，而應視之為讀者從李賀詩歌中煉取出的、可供為法則的某種創作形式。簡言之，「長吉體」並非本質恆存、固定不變的概念，隨著歷史的發展，「長吉體」之意義亦產生變動。 有別於以往學者對李賀接受之研究多以詩話、詩評、選本與箋注等為討論對象，本論文以後人之效擬詩作為論述焦點。本論文認為，後人是以模擬創作進行並作為他們對「長吉體」之詮釋；同時，透過後人的模擬，各時代「長吉體」之具體創作形式與法則方能獲得充分發展與再現的空間。「長吉體」的所有權與歸屬權，雖似是以開創此一獨特風格之李賀為主，但事實上，後來的效擬者們也都參與、影響、形塑了「長吉體」的發展。換言之，「長吉體」之形成與發展，既需原作者的獨特魅力，也需效擬者的理解與再現。因此，某一程度上，我們可以透過對李賀詩歌與效擬詩作之兩相對照，對「長吉體」有較為具體的掌握與了解。 本論文擬依時代分章而論，注意「長吉體」與各代文學發展背景等相關脈絡之聯繫，呈現它於各時代中開展出的不同面貌；進而考察「長吉體」歷代發展之演變過程，探究「長吉體」於此過程中蘊含之意義。

Inspired by aesthetic of receptions, this paper aims to explore the evolution of “Changji ti” (Li He’s Style) by examining imitations of Li He’s style from Tang to Yuan. To begin with, “Changji ti” is not equal to the poems of Li He, and not formed merely by Li He. Rather, it should be regarded as creative principles which succeeding readers extract from Li’s poems. In a word, “Changji ti” is not an eternal and static concept but develops with times. Different from former reception research on Li He based on discussions, critiques, collections, notes and commentaries, this paper focuses on succeeding poets’ imitations of Li He which gradually define “Changji ti” as a style. Through these imitations, the specific form and rule of “Changji ti” in different periods are allowed to develop and represent itself. Although “Changji ti” seems proper to Li He, who invents this unique style, each imitator partakes in the evolution of “Changji ti.” In other words, the formation and development of “Changji ti” involve not only Li He’s originality and ingenuity but also his successors’ reinterpretation and representation. Therefore, the comparison between the poems of Li He and their imitations enables us a better comprehension of “Changji ti.” Chapters of this paper are divided into different periods in order to emphasize the relationship between “Changji ti” and the literary contexts and the different aspects of “Changji ti” in each period. Thus, we can further explicate the diachronic evolution and the signification of “Changji ti.”