「他律」、「自律」或「共律」？－從暴力電視節目之分級看管制之未來

Abstract

「管制」一直是公法學上重要的討論議題。本論文寫作之主要目的為，藉由討論與比較他律性管制、自律性管制、共律性管制等三種不同管制模式，尋求出最有效且最能符合現今快速變遷社會之管制模式。本文並且將嘗試設計出一套足供我國於未來採用的，以電視節目中暴力內容為評量客體之分級制度。 於第一章中，本文將就討論之客體作出限縮，說明集中篇幅於討論針對電視節目中暴力內容作出分級之理由。於第二章中，將先行對「管制」此一概念作出定義，而後針對不同管制模式為比較，並且得出共律性管制相較於傳統他律性管制之優點。第三章中，將就我國與其他具代表性之西方各國之電視節目分級制度一一作介紹及評論。最後並以共律性管制為核心，分別就法規層面、主管機關層面、被管制者層面作出建議，設計出未來可資使用之針對電視節目中暴力內容之分級制度。於第四章中，本文將分別就共律性管制中公部門與私部門進行合作，於我國憲政秩序下是否合憲，以及電視節目分級制度是否將因造成對人民基本權之過度侵害而違憲進行討論。並且得出利用共律性管制進行電視節目分級並不違憲之結論。最後於第五章中，作出總結與提示未來之展望。

The concept of “Regulation” is, and always will be one of the most important issues in the area of public law. This paper aims to develop the most efficient and adaptive regulation model through an examination and comparison of the following three concepts: state regulation, self-regulation, and co-regulation. The First Chapter explains why “television violence” is the focus of this paper. The Second Chapter defines the concept of regulation and demonstrates the advantages of “co-regulation”. This is achieved by a comparison of various regulation models including “state regulation” and “self-regulation”. The third chapter introduces different illustrative examples of domestic and foreign television rating systems on violent contents. A thorough review is conducted with regard to the above-mentioned rating systems. In addition, this chapter attempts to structure an ideal television rating system from different perspectives — including legal, public-sector, and private-sector perspectives. The Forth Chapter places emphasis on the constitutionality of the following two issues: (i) Inviting private sector as a co-regulator, and (ii) Enforcing a television program rating system. The Fifth Chapter draws conclusion of the subject and envisions the future of regulation from the perspective of “television rating system on violent contents”.