民進黨派系發展的政經分析

Abstract

民進黨的派系是肇始於挑戰威權時代，黨外的山頭勢力匯聚結盟成政黨；再由原始的山頭勢力形成黨內派系；民進黨的發展過程，從黨外、在野到執政、又回到在野黨，派系一直是民進黨內重要的主導力量。 在民進黨發展的階段中，派系亦有其不同的型式與競爭特色：黨外時期，派系逐漸形成，其外在屬於政治結社或趨勢；反對黨時期，派系功能走向強化，不僅成為正式的政黨派系，其競爭標的也轉向黨的資源、人事、反對策略及日益增加的公職；2000年成為執政黨後，派系受限於總統權威及配合執政，其功能開始逐漸弱化，派系競爭也趨向和緩，出現配合執政的派系聯盟。 2008年5月蔡英文當選黨主席後，打破以往天王及派系為爭勢力、地盤，動輒互相掣肘、互打拐子之情況，象徵民進黨已確立「天王退位，唯蔡獨尊」的蔡英文時代到來； 2008年5月20日民進黨下野後，派系逐漸以智庫的形態呈現，其運作則以立法院為重心，同時中央派系已趨向地方化。 2010年5月民進黨第13屆黨主席與全國代表選舉，蔡英文獲得跨派系支持，再以90. 29％高得票率成功連任黨主席，正是黨員對民進黨2008年慘敗喪失政權後，黨內天王派系紛紛遁世，群龍無首的飄搖時刻，蔡英文毅然擔任主席，力圖改革救黨，把派系導向正面，變成黨發展的重要因素與支柱的期望。

The purpose of the study is to examine the evolution of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) factions from the perspective of political economy. Although citizens may have ill feeling for parties and factions, both parties and factions still play important roles in the operation of democratic politics. Beginning in 1970s and prospering in 1980s, the anti-KMT activities had led to the forming of DPP. During these days, there were already many different groups in DPP. Although these groups had made the consensus of fighting with the powerful authority, they still had different backgrounds, beliefs and ideologies. They competed with each other for leadership power and resources, and that is why this progress turned to be faction conflicts. The main function of factions is to capture the limited resources, and the elites in the DPP should take these resources as their backups. This kind of evolution has its own advantages, but also brings about some disadvantages. For a long time, the factions operations in DPP have made it a party of coalition of factions. That is to say, DPP already accepted this kind of operation and every faction also built their own norms and disciplines. Since the DPP won the presidential election in 2000 and became the ruling party, the factions tried to allocate political and economic resource in an extreme way. However, this kind of allocation finally led to a fiasco. Therefore, this study will try to analyze the operations of factions in DPP and use a different perspective to discuss the problems of factions. As DPP lost the presidential election in 2008, its factions may have different opinions in the operation of power and disputes in the main issues. This thesis will also focus on the future of DPP, and seek to find out how to solve all these problems.