揭開鬼魅之聲：《歌劇魅影》及其改編作品中的障礙主體性與音樂表達

Abstract

本論文以加斯東．勒魯（Gaston Leroux）的小說《歌劇魅影》（The Phantom of the Opera, 1910）為研究對象，探討其如何呈現障礙與音樂表達之間的關係，並以此開啟跨領域分析。小說中將反派角色「魅影」艾瑞克（Erik）塑造成哥德化的人物形象：他戴著面具遮掩其顏面畸形，棲身於巴黎歌劇院的地下空間。鑑於魅影的顔面畸形在其充滿神秘感的障礙形象及社會偏差行為中扮演關鍵角色，本論文聚焦於他所創作的樂曲《唐璜的勝利》（Don Juan Triumphant），將這部「酷殘」音樂作品視為其表達障礙主體性的出口，藉此探究魅影的「酷殘之聲」（crip voice）。此外，本論文透過分析安德魯．洛伊．韋伯（Andrew Lloyd Webber）和米沙．西格爾（Misha Segal）分別改編的《唐璜的勝利》版本，考察魅影的障礙主體性如何透過他人的視角發聲，並揭示障礙不僅透過文字，更透過音樂等不同的藝術形式被重新建構。為闡明魅影障礙形象的社會建構，本論文結合障礙研究（disability studies）的理論架構、現代主義美學，以及音樂學對複音音樂的相關論述。研究結果顯示，這部小說構成美學博弈的場域，呈現了障礙、音樂結構與傳統哥德敘事之間的衝突；傳統哥德敘事雖試圖壓抑魅影的障礙之聲，卻永遠無法將其徹底抹除。

This thesis examines Gaston Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera (1910) as a novel that engages in the relationship between disability and musical expression, thereby inviting an interdisciplinary approach. The Phantom, Erik, who is the antagonist of the novel, has always been portrayed as a Gothicized persona, inhabiting the underground spaces of the Paris Opera House as he wears a mask to conceal his deformed face. As the Phantom’s facial deformity plays a significant role in his mysterious disabled presence and social deviance, this thesis aims to explore the Phantom’s crip voice through his crip musical composition, Don Juan Triumphant, which acts as an outlet for the Phantom to express his disabled subjectivity. Also, by analyzing Don Juan Triumphant adaptations by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Misha Segal, this thesis investigates how the Phantom’s disabled subjectivity is voiced through the perspectives of others, revealing how disability is reconstructed not only through words but through different artistic forms such as music. Therefore, to demonstrate the social construction of the Phantom’s disability, my project draws upon disability studies frameworks, modernist aesthetics, and musicological accounts of polyphony. My findings prove that the novel is a site of aesthetic struggle, staging a conflict between disability, musical frameworks, and the conventional Gothic narrative that seeks to suppress the Phantom’s disabled voice, though unable to erase its existence.