2019年後在台香港移民心理健康社會政治決定因素之詮釋現象學研究

Abstract

2019年反送中運動後大量香港居民基於政治、經濟及教育等考慮移居臺灣。儘管臺灣為主要目的地之一，針對此群體的系統性心理健康研究仍付之闕如。本研究採創傷知情詮釋現象學分析法（IPA），深度訪談九名2019年後在台香港移民並以社會與政治健康決定因素框架進行分析。本研究以「不情願遷移」（reluctant migration）作為敏感化概念，分析受限選擇與預期政治及生活方式流失如何形塑不同的遷移路徑。分析辨識出三項主要主題: 其一，政治流離於移居後持續存在，移民前的政治處境透過創傷潛伏、再激活及持續的政治警覺等持續影響受訪者移居後的心理狀態與社會生活。其二，制度不穩定性與保護性基礎設施共同形塑脆弱性。例如簽證身分、居留不確定性及專業資格認可等均造成長期壓力，而可近用的醫療與社會支持則發揮保護作用。其三，文化適應不完整，語言相近性不一定可以保證歸屬感，而偏離在地社會規範的行爲也可能會帶來負面後果。兩項發現尤其值得重視。其一，法律身分的取得與文化歸屬感可在分析上區分，正式身分的進展未必帶來等比例的歸屬感。其二，正式制度支持大多未能觸及最需要協助者，此缺口轉由非正式社群與同儕網絡填補。上述發現為發展文化適切之心理健康服務，並為面臨政治流離與遷移壓力人口之移民政策改革，提供基礎實證依據。

Following Hong Kong's 2019 Anti-Extradition Law Movement, substantial numbers of Hong Kong residents migrated to Taiwan for political, economic, and educational reasons. Despite Taiwan being a preferred destination, systematic mental health research on this population remains absent. This study explored the mental health experiences of post-2019 Hong Kong immigrants in Taiwan using trauma-informed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), drawing on in-depth interviews with nine participants. The analysis was guided by an integrated social and political determinants of health framework and used reluctant migration as a sensitising concept to examine how constrained choice and anticipated political loss shaped heterogeneous migration pathways. Three superordinate themes were identified. First, political displacement continued after migration: pre-migration political conditions persisted in participants' psychological and social lives through trauma dormancy, reactivation, and sustained political vigilance. Second, institutional precarity and protective infrastructure jointly shaped vulnerability, as visa status, residency uncertainty, and credential recognition produced chronic stress, while accessible healthcare and social support acted as protective factors. Third, cultural adaptation remained incomplete, as linguistic proximity did not guarantee belonging and departures from local social norms carried real costs. Two findings warranted particular emphasis. Legal incorporation and cultural belonging proved analytically separable, since gains in formal status did not translate into proportional gains in felt belonging. Formal institutional support largely failed to reach those who needed it most, with informal community and peer networks filling the gap instead. These findings provided foundational evidence for developing culturally competent mental health services and for reforming immigration policy to support populations navigating political displacement and migration stress.