台灣越南移民婦女產後心理困擾:一項探索性研究

Abstract

研究背景： 產後心理健康障礙已成為全球公共衛生的重要挑戰，尤其對移民女性而言更為顯著。近幾十年來，臺灣迎來大量以婚姻為基礎的移民女性，其中來自東南亞的越南女性占最大比例。先前研究指出，越南移民女性出現產後憂鬱症狀的比例較高，且在邁向母職的過程中面臨獨特的移民相關挑戰。然而，現有研究多以量化方法為主，對於這些女性產後心理困擾的生活經驗之質性探究仍相當有限。本研究旨在探討在臺灣的越南婚姻移民女性如何經歷並因應產後期間的情緒與心理困擾。 研究方法：本研究採用詮釋現象學取向的質性研究設計，透過半結構式訪談蒐集資料。研究參與者以立意取樣及條件取樣方式招募，並在雙語口譯員協助下，以越南語進行面對面訪談。所有訪談均進行錄音、逐字稿轉錄及英語翻譯，並結合詮釋現象學與敘事分析進行資料分析。 研究結果：參與者的敘事呈現出三個相互關聯的歷程：（一）在理解自我的過程中，辨識、命名與接納產後心理困擾；（二）產後心理困擾受到社會、關係與文化因素的形塑；以及（三）透過忍耐、調適與自我依靠來因應心理困擾。研究發現，產後心理困擾並非單一且孤立的心理狀態，而是一個複雜且非線性的歷程，受到移民經驗、文化期待、家庭關係、汙名化以及支持資源可近性等因素的共同影響。 研究結論：本研究透過闡明越南婚姻移民母親在臺灣經歷產後心理困擾的生活經驗，補充了相關質性研究文獻的不足。研究結果凸顯發展具文化敏感度的母親心理健康服務，以及制定能回應影響移民母親福祉之社會、關係與結構性因素政策的重要性。

Introduction. Postpartum mental health disorders are a global public health challenge, particularly among immigrant women. In recent decades, Taiwan has seen a substantial influx of marriage-based immigrant women, with Vietnamese women representing the largest proportion from Southeast Asia. Previous research suggests that Vietnamese immigrant women experience higher rates of postpartum depressive symptoms and face unique migration-related challenges during the transition to motherhood. While existing research has primarily relied on quantitative approaches, limited qualitative research has explored these women's lived experiences of postpartum distress. This study aimed to explore how Vietnamese marriage-based immigrant women in Taiwan experience and navigate emotional and psychological distress during the postpartum period. Methods. A qualitative study grounded in hermeneutic phenomenology was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited through purposive and criterion sampling and engaged in in-person interviews conducted in Vietnamese with the support of a bilingual interpreter. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and analyzed using hermeneutic phenomenology in conjunction with narrative analysis. Results. Three interrelated processes emerged from participants' narratives: (1) Navigating Recognition, Naming, and Acceptance of Postpartum Distress; (2) The Social, Relational, and Cultural Shaping of Distress; and (3) Navigating Distress Through Endurance, Adaptation, and Self-Reliance. Findings revealed that postpartum distress was not experienced as an isolated psychological condition but as a complex and non-linear process shaped by migration, cultural expectations, family relationships, stigma, and access to support. Conclusion. This study contributed to the limited qualitative literature on Vietnamese marriage-based immigrant mothers in Taiwan by illuminating the lived experiences of postpartum distress. Findings highlight the importance of culturally responsive maternal mental health services and policies that address the social, relational, and structural factors shaping immigrant mothers' wellbeing.