愛笑的女神：《荷馬詩頌致阿芙蘿黛蒂》中阿芙蘿黛蒂之雙重形象

Abstract

本論文主張《荷馬詩頌致阿芙蘿黛蒂》（The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite）透過改編荷馬史詩《伊里亞德》（The Iliad）與《奧德賽》（The Odyssey）的敘事措辭與手法，將阿芙蘿黛蒂重塑為具有荷馬式戰士及果敢自信誘惑者之雙重形象的主角，並以此再現回應兩部史詩。本論文藉由細讀分析《荷馬詩頌致阿芙蘿黛蒂》中敘事部分，探討其如何描摹勾勒阿芙蘿黛蒂的雙重形象。第一章聚焦於阿芙蘿黛蒂在自身掌管的性愛情慾領域中所體現的戰士特質。詩頌轉譯荷馬史詩中對於戰士主人翁的形象塑造之相關敘述，將其用於建構阿芙蘿黛蒂的角色特質，進而凸顯出阿芙蘿黛蒂在與凡人安喀塞斯性愛關係中的主體性與能動性。第二章檢視阿芙蘿黛蒂在詩頌中作為主動挑逗勾引安喀塞斯的誘惑者形象，並討論詩頌如何挑戰及重寫荷馬史詩中常用來將阿芙蘿黛蒂物化與邊緣化的敘事套路。從兩章節的文本分析中，本論文點出《荷馬詩頌致阿芙蘿黛蒂》與荷馬史詩之間的互文性，闡明其如何將荷馬史詩的敘事素材進行縝密且複雜的改編並用於再現阿芙蘿黛蒂。《荷馬詩頌致阿芙蘿黛蒂》藉由凸顯出阿芙蘿黛蒂對於自身性慾表現的掌控權與詳述其色誘的技巧與能力來讚頌女神。而詩頌透過其對於阿芙蘿黛蒂的再現，進一步將自身於古希臘六音步揚抑抑格（dactylic hexameter）詩歌傳統的地位定位為對已蔚為主流之荷馬史詩的回應與修正。

This thesis argues that the representation of Aphrodite in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, refigured as both a Homeric warrior protagonist and a self-confident seductress, responds to and reworks the Homeric Iliad and Odyssey more profoundly than it has previously been noted by the scholarship. This thesis explores this dual image of Aphrodite through sustained close readings of narrative segments of the Hymn. Chapter One of this thesis centers around the Hymnic Aphrodite as a warrior in the realm of sexual love, inspecting how the Hymn constructs Aphrodite and foregrounds her agency in her affair with the mortal Anchises by working intertextually with segments characterizing the Iliadic and Odyssean protagonists. Chapter Two examines the Hymnic Aphrodite as the assertive seductress of Anchises and discusses how the Hymn might challenge and rewrite the Homeric epic tropes of objectifying and marginalizing Aphrodite. This thesis concludes that the Aphrodite of the Hymn emerges from a series of conscious and complex reworkings of the Homeric epic materials. Through accentuating Aphrodite's full control of her own sexual expression and detailing how Aphrodite performs her power of seduction, the Hymn honors the goddess and positions itself as a deliberate revision to the then dominant Homeric epics in the tradition of archaic Greek dactylic hexameter poetry.