呼之而出：尾關露絲《形式與空無之書》中的神經多樣性與酷殘創意

Abstract

此論文探討神經多樣性與身心障礙在尾關露絲小說《形式與空無之書》的呈現。迄今，研究尾關的學術論述多聚焦於跨國女性主義、佛教禪宗、生態批評及亞美研究。然而，這些研究取向忽略了尾關著作中反覆出現的神經多樣性、身心障礙與心理健康議題。本文透過繞射方法論結合聲音研究對聲響現象的理論、障礙研究對聲音體驗的觀點、儲物、聽聲及新物質主義對物質能動性與內動的考量，辨識出前述取向在聲音與物質性彼此呼應與分歧之處。筆者主張此作品是班尼聽聲經驗的酷殘修辭體現，將稍縱即逝的聲音轉化為文字；此外，筆者亦主張書中透過安娜貝爾呈現儲物傾向如何使資本主義實踐複雜化，而非將其視為儲物者個人問題。透過理論檢視尾關著作揭示了對神經多樣性的新觀點，此觀點呼應聽聲運動 (Hearing Voices Movement, HVM) ，其致力於肯認並賦權聽聲者的自我詮釋，且拒絕僅為治癒及完全消除聲音的病理介入。同時，本文藉由探討儲物行為奇觀化相關研究，主張安娜貝爾的物質積累為對資本主義實踐丟棄與製造廢棄物的擾亂。此作品表述神經多樣性經驗，訴求能讓社群蓬勃發展、聲音能被尊重並以聽聲者視角詮釋，及用超越儲物者個人層次角度審視物質積累的社群。

This thesis explores the deployment of neurodivergence and disability in Ruth Ozeki’s novel The Book of Form and Emptiness (2021). To date, scholarly work on Ozeki engages with discourses of transnational feminism, Zen Buddhism, ecocriticism, and Asian American studies. Nonetheless, these approaches overlook the recurrence of neurodivergence, disability, and mental health concerns in Ozeki’s works. Drawing on a diffractive methodology that combines sound studies’ theories on sonic phenomena, disability studies’ perspectives on sonic experiences, accumulation, and voice-hearing as well as new materialisms’ attention to material agency and intra-action, I identify echoes and dissonances among these approaches to sounds and materiality. I argue that the novel emerges as a crip rhetorical manifestation of Benny’s voice-hearing, turning the transient nature of voices into text. I also argue that the novel, through the character of Annabelle, exhibits how hoarding tendencies complicate capitalist practices, instead of being an issue located in the individual who accumulates. Examining Ozeki’s novel through these theories reveals a new perspective on neurodivergence. This perspective echoes the Hearing Voices Movement’s (HVM) efforts to value and empower voice hearers’ interpretations and to refuse exclusive pathological interventions that seek to cure and eliminate voices altogether. Similarly, by exploring studies on the spectacularization of hoarding, I present Annabelle’s material accumulation as a disruption to the capitalist practice of discarding and producing waste. The novel conveys neurodivergent experiences and demands a space where communities thrive, voices are honored and approached through the voice-hearer’s terms, and the accumulation of material goods is examined beyond the individual who retains them.