空間作為社會工作方法： 勵馨基金會林口服務中心在社會住宅的實踐

Abstract

2021年《住宅法》修法，明定社會住宅必須提供至少百分之四十以上比率出租予經濟或社會弱勢者，而社會福利的進駐可以使這些服務對象就近使用社福資源。在此政策脈絡下，社會住宅成為整合「居住權」與「社會福利」的新興實驗場域，為非營利組織介入居住議題提供了制度性的機會。本研究以勵馨林口服務中心為研究個案，旨在探討社會住宅作為居住與社會福利交會的空間，社福單位如何運用社宅的空間特性，支持服務對象的生活重建。 在研究路徑上，本研究初期不帶著理論框架後進入田野，先從基層工作者與受暴家庭的日常行動中歸納出經驗資料，後續引入空間生產三層次與社會性基礎設施作為對話性理論。研究方法採取參與式觀察與半結構式訪談。訪談對象包括勵馨基金會林口服務中心工作人員、政府部門人員、長期關注社會住宅議題之專家學者、曾居住於林口社宅中長期宿舍的服務對象等。 研究發現：在居住單元上，社會住宅中長期宿舍的可負擔性與居期可預期的穩定性，成為受暴家庭從危機生存跨渡到常態生活的重要中繼站；而社福單位透過對空間美學的堅持，去除了傳統社福機構常有的救濟感與標籤化，將空間轉化為連結社區關係的社會性基礎設施（Social Infrastructure）。此外，本研究發現混居型社宅的開放性帶給服務對象鄰里凝視的空間感受，勵馨林口服務中心透過跨界協力，期待能漸漸化解鄰避張力，使鄰里成為各方的支持力量。本個案研究展現了住宅部門與社政部門在社宅場域相會時的動態歷程，值得注意的是住宅部門從營運初期的房東性格逐步轉化為協力夥伴。隨著全台社宅陸續規劃與擴展的趨勢，本案例亦展現出政策擴散價值。

The 2021 amendment to the Housing Code mandates that at least 40 percent of social housing units must be leased to economically or socially disadvantaged individuals. Integrating social welfare services into these complexes allows target groups to access welfare resources conveniently in their immediate neighborhood. Within this policy context, social housing has emerged as a novel experimental arena that integrates the "right to housing" with "social welfare," offering institutional opportunities for non-profit organizations to intervene in housing issues. Focus on the Garden of Hope Foundation Linkou Service Center as a case study, this research aims to explore how social welfare organizations utilize the spatial characteristics of social housing—as an intersection of housing and social welfare—to support the life reconstruction of their service users. To understand the spatial practices within Linkou Social Housing, this study introduces Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space. It analyzes how stakeholders—including government housing departments, social affairs departments, social welfare organizations, residents, and service users—shape the "representations of space" regarding residential and community spaces, and how they practice and experience their "representational spaces" in daily life. The research methods include participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Interviewees comprise staff from the Linkou Service Center of the Garden of Hope Foundation, government officials, experts and scholars who have long focused on social housing issues, and service users who previously resided in the medium-to-long-term shelters of Linkou Social Housing. The findings reveal that, at the level of residential units, the affordability and predictable stability of lease terms in social housing medium-to-long-term shelters serve as a crucial transition station for domestic violence survivors migrating from crisis survival to normal life. Furthermore, through a commitment to spatial aesthetics, the social welfare organization successfully de-stigmatizes the space, removing the traditional "relief agency" perception and transforming it into a "social infrastructure" that fosters community connections. Additionally, this study finds that the openness of mixed-income social housing induces a sense of neighborhood surveillance among service users. By means of cross-boundary collaboration, the Linkou Service Center aims to gradually alleviate NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) tensions, turning the neighborhood into a source of mutual support. This case study demonstrates the dynamic process when the housing sector and the social affairs sector converge in the arena of social housing. Notably, the housing sector transitioned from an initial "landlord mindset" during early operations into a "collaborative partner." As social housing continues to be planned and expanded across Taiwan, this case also demonstrates significant value for policy diffusion.