中國醫療衛生輿情事件中的中央政府避責行為

Abstract

避責行為（Blame Avoidance Behavior）理論指出，政府面對公共輿論事件壓力，時常會採取一系列逃避被公眾究責的行為。本研究旨在探討涉及中央政府程度以及輿論聲量不同的公共輿論事件之下，中國大陸政府的避責策略選擇以及用語中的情緒詞彙差異。本研究將報導中使用的避責策略論述語句分為 4 類：推卸地方政府、推卸非政府行為者、自身正當性證明，以及率先承認錯誤策略。研究長春長生疫苗造假案件、腫瘤黑幕事件、河南村鎮銀行賦紅碼事件以及北京長峰醫院火災事件，等 4 起案例，以 19 家中央官方媒體對於案件的報導語句進行內容分析和文字探勘。結果表明，面對不同特性的事件，中央官方媒體中的避責策略使用不同，但都很少使用先承認自身錯誤以博取好感的策略。在情緒詞彙傾向方面，所有事件的報導都偏向正面而平和的情緒，但同樣也因為涉及政府層級以及輿論聲量大小不同，而有不同的情緒傾向。

Blame avoidance behavior theory posits that governments often engage in a series of actions to evade public accountability when faced with the pressure of public opinion. This study aimed to examine the Chinese government's choice of blame-avoidance strategies and the emotional vocabulary used in its reporting of public events with varying degrees of central government involvement and public opinion volume. This study categorized blame-avoidance strategies into four categories: blaming local governments, blaming non-governmental actors, justifying one's own legitimacy, and admitting mistakes first. The study examined four incidents: the Changchun Changsheng vaccine scandal, Dark side of cancer treatment incident, the Henan village bank red code incident, and the Beijing Changfeng Hospital fire case. Content analysis and sentiment analysis were conducted on reports from 19 central government official media. The results showed that central government official media used different blame-avoidance strategies for different incidents but rarely used the strategy of admitting their own mistakes first. In terms of emotional vocabulary, the reports on all incidents tended to be positive and peaceful, but there were also different emotional tendencies due to the different levels of government involved and the volume of public opinion.