「地方為本」的市場活化：以馬來西亞居鑾兩個公共巴刹為例

Abstract

本研究探討馬來西亞居鑾（Kluang）在中型城市面對人口流失與高齡化挑戰下，人們如何透過「地方為本」（Place-based）的軟性策略，對公共市場（公共巴刹）進行空間活化。通過梳理居鑾城市發展與市場遷移史，本研究主張巴刹不僅是物資交易的場所，更是支撐多元社群共生的重要「社會基礎建設」（Social Infrastructure）。 研究以居鑾公共巴刹（俗稱居鑾大巴刹或連成大巴刹）與居鑾日落洞路早市（俗稱豆沙路巴刹或居鑾河邊巴刹）為核心案例，分析居鑾公共空間活化行動者「逛巴刹」食農教育計畫、「入眾」（Rejoin Collective）、個體攤販行動者「藍夢」和「有個空間」等在地行動者的實踐過程與面對的挑戰。研究發現，居鑾的活化行動並非依賴龐大的政府預算或硬體改造，而是採取一種「文化導向」的策略改變公共市場的功能和空間權力與意義的重新分配。行動者透過藝術介入、教育活動與市集實驗，在僵化的行政體系中撐出協作縫隙，將巴刹轉譯為具備社交、審美與教育功能的複合空間。 研究進一步嘗試歸納出「居鑾模式」（Kluang Model）的公共空間活化機制：行動者以地方内涵和文化導向的活化活動來解決地方社會問題，透過「先行示範」的成果誘發公務體系的參與，建立起一種「非對抗性協作」的地方營造與地方維護。「居鑾模式」僅爲研究者對居鑾「地方爲本」公共空間活化行動的初探理解，希望論文内容和討論可以爲後續研究提供一個研究方向，探討地方内涵如何解決地方問題。 總結而言，居鑾案例證實了公共空間活化的本質不在於硬體更新，而在社會關係的修補。本研究不僅記錄了居鑾在地行動者的空間活化内容，更為的中型城鎮提供了公共空間再生與社會維繫的新視野。

This research investigates how place-based soft strategies are employed to revitalize public markets (pasars) in Kluang, Malaysia, amidst the challenges of urban depopulation and an aging society in a medium-sized city. By tracing the history of Kluang’s urban development and market relocation, this study asserts that the pasar is far more than a site for commodity exchange; it functions as vital "social infrastructure" that sustains the coexistence of diverse communities. Focusing on two core cases—the Kluang Public Market (Lian Seng Market) and the Jalan Jelutong Morning Market (Kluang Riverside Market)—this study analyzes the practical processes and challenges faced by local actors, including the "Go Pasar" agri-food education project, Rejoin Collective, and individual vendors such as "Blue Dream" and "A Limited Space." The findings reveal that revitalization in Kluang does not rely on massive government budgets or physical restructuring. Instead, it adopts a "culture-led" strategy to shift the market’s functions and re-appropriate the power and meaning of its space. Through artistic interventions, educational activities, and market experiments, these actors carve out collaborative openings within a rigid administrative system, translating the pasar into a hybrid space of social, aesthetic, and educational significance. Furthermore, this study conceptualizes the "Kluang Model" as a mechanism for public space revitalization. In this model, actors leverage local narratives and culture-led activities to address social issues. By using "demonstrative precursors" to validate feasibility, they induce participation from the civil service, establishing a form of "non-confrontational collaboration" for place-making and place-keeping. While the "Kluang Model" represents a preliminary understanding of place-based action, this study aims to provide a trajectory for future research on how localized content can solve community problems. In conclusion, the Kluang case demonstrates that the essence of public space revitalization lies not in hardware renewal, but in the repair of social relations. This research not only documents the grassroot efforts of local actors but also offers a new perspective on public space regeneration and social sustainability for medium-sized towns.