應用於植物與動物之近紅外光與其奈米技術

Abstract

本研究乃探討並進行光、生物及二級代謝物交互作用之整合性研究。近紅外光因其波長特性，於生物領域上具其優勢，根據動物之粒線體與植物光敏素之反應，衍伸出多元之應用。二級代謝物具抗氧化與抗發炎之特性，藉結合微脂體材料改善其生物利用度。退化性神經疾病、細胞缺氧損傷及慢性代謝疾病與粒線體失能息息相關，藉光生物調節複合二級代謝物可修復其功能。本研究將探討近紅外光與天然化合物於植物與動物之間之作用及其延伸之應用。 於促進植物二及代謝物增長中，先以近紅外光作為具光敏素誘導效果之補充光源，進行近紅外光與仙草二級代謝物生成途徑之探索，此二級代謝物萃取物可被微脂體包覆並抑制神經膠質瘤細胞之增生。藉此寬峰紅外光照射，光敏素轉為活化形式，促進二級代謝物合成，而多酚類含量增加24%，迷迭香酸含量增加48%。微脂體材料亦可同作為生物標記訊號，進而確認其於神經膠質瘤細胞之遞送。 為評估二級代謝物與光生物調節應用於腦部疾病之治療，藉發光二極體與迷迭香酸共同治療帕金森氏症模型細胞，此研究核心為自由基之濃度與粒線體之活性評估，以發光二極體複合微脂體包覆之迷迭香酸於疾病模型治療效果具最高21%之恢復率，兩者結合使恢復率增加，表明使此方式具治療帕金森氏症之潛力。 為評估二級代謝物與光生物調節應用於腦部缺氧疾病之治療，藉發光二極體與薑黃素治療缺血性腦中風，將抗氧化藥物薑黃素包覆於奈米微脂體，藉中風歸巢肽修飾其表面為抗氧化奈米粒子遞送藥物至缺氧腦部，揭示有效降低80%腦梗塞體積與70%活性氧化物，同時保護血管周圍神經免受氧化壓力損傷。 為拓展近紅外光裝置之多元應用，藉非侵入式之光生物調節治療胰島素阻抗，揭示顯著提升27%葡萄糖之吸收，同時提升246%pAkt之蛋白質表達，不僅提供胰島素阻抗治療非侵入性策略，更闡明光生物調節療法於臨床應用。 本研究乃揭示結合近紅外光與其奈米技術於植物與動物之應用潛力，提供多功能實用之策略。

This study explores and conducts an integrative research on the interactions between light, biology, and secondary metabolites. Near-infrared light, due to its wavelength characteristics, has advantages in the biological field. Based on the responses of mitochondria in animals and phytochromes in plants, various applications have been developed. Secondary metabolites possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their bioavailability can be improved by combining them with liposomal materials. Neurodegenerative diseases, cellular hypoxic damage, and chronic metabolic diseases are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. The function can be repaired through photobiomodulation combined with secondary metabolites. In this doctoral thesis, we will explore the effects of near-infrared light and natural compounds on plants and animals and their extended applications. In promoting the growth of plant secondary metabolites, near-infrared light was first used as a supplementary light source with phytochrome-inducing effects to explore the pathway of secondary metabolite production in Mesona procumbens Hemsl. These secondary metabolite extracts can be encapsulated in liposomes and inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells. Through broadband infrared light irradiation, phytochromes are converted to their active form, promoting the synthesis of secondary metabolites, with total polyphenolics content increasing by 24% and rosmarinic acid content increasing by 48%. Liposomal materials can also serve as biological marker signals to confirm their delivery to glioma cells. To evaluate the application of secondary metabolites and photobiomodulation in the treatment of brain diseases, LED light and rosmarinic acid were used to jointly treat Parkinson's disease model cells. The core of this study is the assessment of free radical concentration and mitochondrial activity. The treatment effect of LED combined with liposome-encapsulated rosmarinic acid on the disease model showed a maximum recovery rate of 21%. The combination of the two increased the recovery rate, indicating the potential of this method in treating Parkinson's disease. To evaluate the application of secondary metabolites and photobiomodulation in the treatment of cerebral hypoxia, LED light and curcumin were used to treat ischemic stroke. The antioxidant drug curcumin was encapsulated in nano-liposomes, and the surface was modified with stroke-homing peptides to deliver the antioxidant nanoparticles to the hypoxic brain. This revealed an effective reduction of 80% in cerebral infarct volume and 70% in reactive oxygen species while protecting perivascular neurons from oxidative stress damage. To expand the diverse applications of near-infrared light devices, non-invasive photobiomodulation was used to treat insulin resistance. The results revealed a significant 27% enhancement in glucose absorption, while simultaneously increasing 246% of pAkt protein expression.This not only provides a non-invasive strategy for insulin resistance treatment but also reveals the potential of photobiomodulation therapy in clinical applications. This research demonstrates the powerful therapeutic potential of combining NIR with nanotechnology for plants and animals, providing strategies for versatile practical applications.