台灣房東對於出租房屋之耐震補強與能源翻新工程意願之影響因素調查

Abstract

本研究探討台灣個人房東在租賃物件耐震補強及能源翻新上的意願與影響因素。由於台灣多數租賃房屋由小型個人房東持有，且多數建築於1999年耐震法規修訂前，面臨結構安全與節能改造的雙重挑戰。本研究透過文獻回顧及問卷調查，蒐集房東社會背景、經驗、知識及其租賃物件特性等資料，運用描述性統計、卡方檢定、探索性因素分析（EFA）與二元羅吉斯迴歸分析（BLR）解析影響其補強及翻新意願的關鍵因素。

研究結果顯示，女性房東及透天房屋擁有者較有意願進行耐震補強；而具較長租賃經驗及先前能源翻新經驗者則傾向較低意願。因素分析揭示四大影響面向：施工與安全考量、租戶相關因素、財務與補助疑慮，以及社會認知。政策模擬實驗顯示，結合規範要求與經濟誘因的政策，特別是要求結構安全評估搭配租金與稅務優惠，能顯著提升房東的補強與翻新意願。研究建議政府可推動整合性補助方案與專業諮詢平台，提升政策效果，促進台灣租賃住宅的安全性與永續性。

This study investigates the willingness of individual landlords in Taiwan to undertake seismic retrofitting and energy renovation for their rental properties, along with the key factors influencing their decisions. Taiwan’s rental housing market is predominantly composed of small-scale landlords owning buildings mostly constructed before the 1999 seismic code revision, facing significant challenges in structural safety and energy efficiency upgrades. Utilizing literature review and a nationwide questionnaire survey, data on landlords' social demographics, experience, knowledge, and property characteristics were collected. Analytical methods including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and binary logistic regression (BLR) were applied to identify critical determinants of retrofit and renovation willingness.

Results indicate that female landlords and townhouse owners exhibit higher retrofit willingness, whereas those with longer rental experience or prior energy renovation experience tend to show lower willingness. Four major influencing dimensions emerged from factor analysis: construction and safety concerns, tenant-related considerations, financial and subsidy aspects, and social perceptions. Policy scenario simulations demonstrated that interventions combining regulatory requirements and financial incentives—particularly mandates for professional seismic assessments linked with rental income and tax benefits—significantly increase landlords’ retrofit and renovation willingness. The study recommends integrated subsidy programs and expert consultation services to enhance policy effectiveness and promote safer, more sustainable rental housing in Taiwan.