森林、水體對景觀偏好與狀態正念之影響

Abstract

過去研究證實以自然為基礎的正念干預，對個體的健康促進具有加乘效果。這些研究涵蓋各式自然環境、正念指導與測量方式，大多指出相較建成環境，自然環境擁有的明顯優勢。儘管景觀環境本身具有高度的多樣性，但目前相關文獻很少將其置於統一的分析框架中探討。此外，自然環境中的景觀特徵與恢復特性可能會對正念歷程產生影響。在此背景下，虛擬自然的發展提供了一種可操作的工具。有鑑於此，本研究選擇森林與水體兩類代表性環境進行比較，旨在探索正念練習者於不同環境中狀態正念與景觀偏好的差異，並進一步檢視兩者之間的關聯。隨機分配67位參與者到三種不同的環境（森林、水體、室內），透過全景投影教室呈現虛擬自然，並搭配引導語進行2次15分鐘正念練習。參與者於實驗開始前填寫特質正念量表與自然連結量表；練習結束後填寫狀態正念及偏好問項，並且進行5-10分鐘的簡短訪談。研究結果顯示環境條件對狀態正念及景觀偏好有影響，其中又以水體表現較佳；此外，狀態正念及其他正念機制（身體覺察、去中心化）皆與景觀偏好成正向關聯。本研究為自然環境與正念結合提供證據，同時指出水體環境對正念練習具有特殊效益，並近一步發現偏好作為狀態正念的潛在影響因子。

Previous research has shown that nature‑based mindfulness interventions can enhance health benefits. These studies, encompassing various natural settings, mindfulness guidance approaches, and measurement methods, generally indicate that natural environments offer clear advantages over built environments. However, the inherent diversity of landscape environments has rarely been examined within a single framework. Given that specific landscape features and restorative characteristics may influence mindfulness processes, this study compared two representative natural environments forests and waterscape to explore differences in state mindfulness and landscape preference among mindfulness practitioners. A total of 67 participants were randomly assigned to one of three environments (forest, water, indoor), presented through an immersive panoramic projection classroom. Each participant engaged in two 15-minute guided mindfulness sessions. Before the sessions, participants completed measures of trait mindfulness and nature connectedness; after the sessions, they filled out questionnaires on state mindfulness and landscape preference, followed by a brief 5–10 minute interview. The results showed that environmental conditions influenced both state mindfulness and landscape preference, with water environments leading to the highest scores. Moreover, state mindfulness and its key components (such as body awareness and decentering) were positively associated with landscape preference. This study provides empirical support for combining nature and mindfulness and suggests that water environments may offer unique benefits for mindfulness practice. It also highlights preference as a potential factor influencing mindfulness outcomes.