學術替代性職業視角下中國大陸圖書情報與檔案管理博士學術市場轉型研究

Abstract

知識生產模式的轉型正深刻重塑著學術勞動力市場的結構與功能。在此背景下，圖書資訊學新科博士的就業圖景呈現出顯著的轉型特徵。不同於傳統教學科研的學術替代性職業（Alternative-academic careers, Alt-ac）應運而生，成為連接學術界和產業界的紐帶。儘管Alt-ac現象日益受到關注，但缺乏將其置於學術勞動力市場變遷背景下的系統考察。本研究以中國大陸圖書情報與檔案管理（以下簡稱「圖情檔」）學科為例，透過理論探索與實證求索的深度融合，揭示學術市場轉型的內在機理及其對Alt-ac發展的影響。 研究運用學術勞動力市場理論、知識生產模式轉型理論等多元分析框架，配合內容分析法、社會網絡分析、深度學習等方法，系統考察圖情檔學術市場轉型的表徵、動因與路徑。研究發現圖情檔學術市場正經歷從「金字塔型」到「橄欖型」的結構性轉型，具體表現為供需錯配、院校分層、學科內部分化、區域失衡等特徵；微觀層面，研究勾勒出Alt-ac在此轉型過程中的演進軌跡，呈現出機構邊界不斷拓展、角色內涵日益豐富、知識技能結構深刻重塑等特點，由此凸顯其在跨界融通中推動知識服務創新的關鍵作用；為更系統地解釋Alt-ac發展，研究建構了「LIS-Alt-ac生態位模型」，闡釋其在知識生態、人才生態和職業生態三大系統中的支點功用。研究進一步就優化市場結構、深化教育供給改革、完善制度保障等提出針對性建議，為破解制約Alt-ac發展的體制機制瓶頸提供了政策參考。 本文具有以下研究貢獻：理論上，揭示了知識生產模式轉型驅動下學術職業生態的重構機理，拓展了學術勞動力理論的時代內涵，彰顯了理論原創性。實踐上，為轉型期創新型知識服務人才培育提供了改革方略，助力相關機構重塑用人導向，具有較強的決策啟示意義。方法論上，建構了學術職位大數據的蒐集與探勘的分析新徑，提出了基於共現的學科關聯測度新思路。這些理論貢獻、發現和方法，對於分析其他學科的學術市場與Alt-ac發展，同樣具有一定啟發意義。研究不僅有助於加深圖書資訊學界對職業轉型發展規律的認知，引領學術定力和社會擔當的昇華，更可為人文社科領域重塑評價體系、優化人才培養提供有益鑒。

The transformation of knowledge production models is profoundly reshaping the structure and function of academic labor markets. The career paths of newly graduated PhDs in Library and Information Science (LIS) are becoming increasingly diverse, reflecting significant transitional characteristics. Alongside this trend, a new type of role, the Alternative-academic career (Alt-ac), has emerged. Distinct from traditional faculty positions, Alt-ac roles serve as a bridge between academia and industry. Despite growing attention to the Alt-ac phenomenon, there is a lack of systematic examination of it within the context of the transforming academic labor market. This study focuses on the discipline of Library, Information and Archival Science in China, integrating theoretical exploration and empirical research to reveal the inherent mechanisms of academic market transformation and its impact on Alt-ac development. The study employs a comprehensive analytical framework, drawing from theories of the academic labor market and the transformation of knowledge production models. It combines these with methods including content analysis, social network analysis, and deep learning techniques to systematically examine the manifestations, drivers, and pathways of LIS academic market transformation. At the macro level, the study finds that the LIS academic market is undergoing a structural transformation from a "pyramid" to an "olive" shape, manifested in supply-demand mismatches, institutional stratification, disciplinary differentiation, and regional imbalances. At the micro level, the study outlines the evolutionary trajectory of Alt-ac roles during this transformation, characterized by expanding institutional boundaries, increasingly rich role connotations, and a profound reshaping of knowledge and skill structures. These trends highlight the key role of Alt-ac positions in driving knowledge service innovation through cross-border integration. To more systematically explain the development of Alt-ac roles, the study constructs an "LIS-Alt-ac Model" that explains their pivotal functions within the three systems of knowledge ecology, talent ecology, and career ecology. The study further proposes targeted recommendations on optimizing market structure, deepening supply-side reform, and improving institutional support, providing policy references for breaking through institutional and mechanism bottlenecks during this period of transformation. This paper makes several notable research contributions. Theoretically, it reveals the reconstruction mechanism of academic career ecology driven by the transformation of knowledge production models, expands the contemporary connotation of academic labor theory, and demonstrates theoretical originality. Practically, it provides reform strategies for cultivating innovative knowledge service talents in the transformation period and helps relevant institutions reshape their employment orientation, offering strong decision-making insights. Methodologically, it constructs a new method for collecting and mining big data on academic positions and proposes a novel approach for measuring disciplinary relationships based on co-occurrences. These theoretical contributions, findings, and methods are equally enlightening for analyzing academic market transformation and Alt-ac development in other disciplines. The research not only enhances the understanding of transformation patterns in the LIS community and encourages the elevation of academic strength and social responsibility but can also provide useful lessons for reshaping evaluation systems and optimizing talent cultivation in the humanities and social sciences more broadly.