照明及環境之色彩對情緒及視覺偏好關係探討

Abstract

景觀是由各種色彩所交織而成，色彩的呈現是影響視覺偏好重要的因子；人類從環境或物體獲得的資訊中，大部分都是通過視覺獲得顏色感知，不論是照明或色彩，本質上皆涉及光線的性質；色彩與色光除了讓我們去辨別事物，更深層次能喚起我們豐富的情緒和偏好，所以瞭解色光的影響，可以在我們的生活中建構更多元的生活環境與體驗。雖然過去許多學者已探討實體色彩對情緒體驗和偏好的影響，以及照明的色溫對心理效應，然而，研究指出許多顏色外觀指標並不包括環境的明亮程度，在不同的實驗之中，所使用的燈光設定及色彩並不完全相同，光或色彩喚起的情緒和偏好的趨勢，難以去進行比較。另外，在景觀與感知評估上測量效度一直是十分重要的議題，然而相關研究就提到IVR仍然難以準確模擬出眩光和日光的變化效果，關於虛擬實境技術在模擬照明環境視覺感知上的效度也仍存疑。加上光線的演色特性能夠影響整個空間的視覺體驗，過去卻鮮有研究具有既定印象的實體色彩在色光照射下對人類產生的影響。 因此，本論文將透過三個研究進行探討，首先研究一旨在釐清相同色彩的色光與物體色對情緒及偏好的影響；研究二是以實體燈箱和沉浸式虛擬實境作為實驗工具，發展三項實驗分別探討在相同亮度下，色光對情緒及偏好的影響趨勢，並在IVR中模擬相同的燈箱環境，以了解虛擬實境技術是否能呈現相同的視覺感知。最後，研究三同樣採用IVR技術建置虛擬戶外景觀環境讓受測者進行評測，通過色光與白光的搭配，以探討色光在戶外景觀空間中的情緒及偏好的影響。 本論文以三個子研究證明，不同色光會帶來不同的情緒與偏好反應，而當燈光顏色之色彩明度越高、越接近白光，較讓人感到舒適及偏好。而在評估照明色彩情緒與偏好時，相較於透過實體環境呈現刺激，透過IVR技術呈現環景刺激也能使受測者獲得類似的照明色彩情緒與偏好，同時藉由IVR技術也能模擬更多元的場景空間。本研究結果有助於後續相關研究進行，以提高照明色彩情緒與偏好之測量效度，也能協助未來相關單位與景觀規劃設計者之照明設計之參考，提供景觀環境設計時的應用準則，讓設計能更貼近使用者需求。

Landscape is composed of a myriad of interwoven colours, and in visual landscape environments, the presentation of colour is a crucial factor influencing visual preferences. Most of the information that humans gain from the environment or objects is acquired through vision, and approximately 70-80% of this information is derived from colour. In addition to helping us identify objects, colour can evoke rich emotions and preferences. Therefore, understanding the impact of coloured light can help to create more diverse living environments and experiences. The representation of colour is based on the colour response triggered when light strikes the retina, creating a series of visual effects. Thus, both lighting and object colour inherently involve the properties of light. While many researchers have investigated the impact of physical colours on emotional experiences and preferences, and the impact of lighting colour temperature on psychological effects, related research has shown that many colour appearance metrics do not take into account ambient brightness levels. In addition, the colours and lighting settings used in different lighting experiments are not entirely consistent, making it difficult to compare trends between emotions and preferences elicited by different colours of light or colour. In addition, the validity of virtual reality(VR)technology in simulating visual perception in lighting environments remains questionable. Furthermore, the colour rendering properties of light can influence the overall visual experience of a space, but there has been little research into the effects of coloured light on human responses to physical colours with predetermined impressions. Therefore, this thesis will investigate these issues through three studies. The first study will clarify the different effects of light colour and object colour of the same colour on emotions and preferences. The second study will use a lightbox experiment to minimise external interference and explore the trends in emotional and preference responses to coloured light under the same lighting level, and will simulate the same lightbox environment in immersive virtual reality (IVR) to assess whether VR technology can present similar visual perceptions. Finally, the third study will apply coloured light to outdoor landscape lighting, investigating the emotional and preference effects of coloured light in outdoor landscape spaces by pairing coloured light with white light. This research, through three sub-studies, proves that different coloured lights elicit different emotional and preference responses, with higher colour brightness closer to white light being more comfortable and preferred. When assessing emotional and preference responses to lighting colour, the use of IVR technology to present environmental stimuli can produce results similar to those obtained in physical environments. In addition, IVR technology can simulate a wider variety of spatial scenarios. The results of this research can assist subsequent studies in improving the measurement validity of emotional and preference responses to lighting colour, and can assist relevant agencies and landscape designers in lighting design by providing application guidelines for landscape environment design that better meets user needs.