台灣1980年代《自立晚報》社會運動線記者的專業意理形成與實踐

Abstract

國內對於記者專業意理（professionalism）的研究，大多直接移植西方對於記者專業意理研究的三種分類，缺乏對於台灣社會歷史背景的整合，以致於台灣記者專業意理內涵只能被填鴨式的填入西方記者專業意理的分類圖像中。有鑑於此，本研究選擇特定歷史階段與特定記者群---台灣社會運動蓬勃發展的一九八○年代《自立晚報》主跑社會運動線之記者，做為主要研究時期與對象。本研究採取生命史（Life history）研究途徑，企圖從當時的台灣歷史、社會文化為背景出發，結合記者個人的生命歷程（life course）與實踐，以檢討過去西方專業意理分類合理與時宜性，重新探討與反思台灣記者專業意理之內涵，整理出屬於「台灣經驗」的記者專業意理圖像。 本研究提出兩層主要研究問題核心：第一、在理念與選擇上，《自立晚報》主跑社會運動線的記者抱持何種新聞專業意理進入職場？這種專業意理如何形成？為何會選擇進入《自立晚報》？為何（選擇）主跑社會運動線？第二、在記者的專業實踐上，《自立晚報》主跑社會運動線的記者，在八○年代採訪社運╱弱勢議題的經驗如何影響社運記者的當下的新聞專業實踐？如何拿捏與社運╱弱勢團體間的關係？ 本研究使用生命史研究途徑之意義，在於具象化這群「小記者」的形象過程中，能同時關照記者的主體能動性（subjective activity），以及歷史的、環境的可能限制；深入「理解」記者個人在社會情境、媒體場域、個人因素下，其個人特質與所抱持的新聞專業意理，如何影響記者在採訪現場時、報導時、生命實踐上的各種選擇，甚至影響到如何拿捏與社運╱弱勢團體（消息來源）間的關係；藉以開闢傳播研究領域中，研究傳播者的新途徑。

The domestic researches about professionalism of reporter generality are transplanted from the three categorization of research about professionalism of reporter in west. By lack of the integration about the background of Taiwan social history, result in the connotation of professionalism of Taiwan reporters can only be cramming with the category image of professionalism of reporters in western. To ground on it, this research select the particular history period and reporters--- the reporter of Independent Post which major in social movement in the 1980’s Taiwan with flourishing growth of social movement as the mainly study subject and period. This research take the way of Life History attempt to start against the history and social culture of Taiwan to combine with the reporter’s individual life course and practice, so as to review the rationality and seasonable of past western professionalism’s categorization, and re-treat and ponder the connotation of professionalism of Taiwan reporters. To arrange the images of professionalism of reporters belong to Taiwan experience. This research brings up two layers of major study cores. The first: On the option and ideal. The reporter of Independent Post which major in social movement take what kind of professionalism to involve the career ? And how does the professionalism arise? Why they will choose work in Independent Post ? Why they will choose to major in the social movement? The second: In the practice of the field of reporters. How the reporters of Independent Post which major in social movement to influence the practice of field of reporters major in the social movement nowadays by their experience of interview about subject of social movement and minority？And how do they to deal with the relationships between social movement and minority？ The meanings of take of way of Life History in this research is in the process of concretion those minor reporters can look after the subjective activity of reporters, and the possibility of history and environment at the same time. To realize in depth what to influence those reporters who under the society, press, individual causes, the character and professionalism of himself entertain all the kinds of options about interview in live, reports, and practice of life of reporters. Even affect how to deal with the relationships between the groups of social movement and the minority. So as to opening up a new way to researchers in the field of mass media.