全球價值鏈廠商之出口國內附加價值比例對廠商薪資水準與員工薪資不均之影響

Abstract

本研究旨在探討全球價值鏈（GVC）廠商出口國內附加價值比例（DVAR）對廠商薪資水準及員工薪資不均等的影響。研究樣本涵蓋2007年至2019年間臺灣製造業廠商，數據來源包括個人所得資料、勞保資料、海關進出口交易記錄和廠商稅賦資料。研究採用Kee and Tang（2016）的DVAR計算方法，並利用OLS和Heckman兩階段迴歸模型進行實證分析。 實證結果顯示，對於台灣製造業廠商而言，較高的DVAR與較低程度的員工平均薪資以及薪資不均相關，且無研發資本存量之廠商受到的DVAR對薪資水準與薪資不均程度的效果之幅度勝過有資本研發存量之廠商。當聚焦在電子業廠商時，我們能發現有無資本存量廠商受到的DVAR效果的差距又更大。 同時，我們發現在無研發資本存量的廠商當中，較高的DVAR廠商會有較高的營業利潤率與資產報酬率，顯示出DVA更傾向被分配在利潤；在有研發資本存量的廠商當中，DVAR與營業利潤率沒有顯著關聯，與資產報酬率有顯著正向關聯但程度不如無研發資本存量廠商。

This study aims to explore the impact of the domestic value-added ratio (DVAR) in exports by Global Value Chain (GVC) firms on wage levels and wage inequality among employees. The sample includes manufacturing firms in Taiwan from 2007 to 2019, with data sources encompassing personal income data, labor insurance data, customs import and export transaction records, and firm tax data. The DVAR is calculated using the method developed by Kee and Tang (2016), and the empirical analysis is conducted using OLS and Heckman two-stage regression models. The empirical results indicate that for Taiwanese manufacturing firms, a higher DVAR is associated with lower average employee wages and reduced wage inequality. Firms without R&D capital stock experience a more pronounced impact of DVAR on wage levels and wage inequality compared to firms with R&D capital stock. When focusing on electronics firms, the difference in the DVAR effect between firms with and without R&D capital stock is even more significant. Furthermore, we find that among firms without R&D capital stock, those with higher DVAR tend to have higher operating profit margins and return on assets, indicating that DVA is more likely to be allocated to profits. In contrast, among firms with R&D capital stock, DVAR is not significantly related to operating profit margins but is positively correlated with return on assets, although to a lesser extent compared to firms without R&D capital stock.