高一生與曺奉岩：1950年代臺韓政治案件之比較

Abstract

戰後臺灣與韓國在冷戰框架下，經歷了威權政府的政治鎮壓和屠殺。本研究從比較史的脈絡切入，將探討1950年代臺韓的國家權力製造政治案件，消除獲得大眾支持的菁英的原因與過程，以此了解兩個政治案件的異同點。為了深入瞭解歷史脈絡與具體經驗，本文選擇高一生（族名Uyongʉ Yata'uyungana）與曺奉岩的經驗討論。 高一生與曺奉岩二人在日治時期的經歷相反：一個人是受到日本教育，回到阿里山達邦擔任巡查職務；一個人對日治反對展開了獨立運動。但是他們都在戰後威權統治之下，透過審判被判處死刑，其性質便共同偏向於「法律暴力」。本研究期待透過高一生與曺奉岩的經驗、認同、思想以及他們的案件，可以加深瞭解1950年代臺韓社會的高壓統治與人們的抵抗。 藉由比較分析臺灣與韓國的政府檔案和研究，本文發現高一生與曺奉岩政治案件雖然是在不同地區相似的現代史發展過程中發生，但因歷史脈絡上的差異，而政治案件的效果，人們對案件的認識，以及採取的行動方式會稍微不一樣。高一生與曺奉岩的案件體現各社會的特性和他們自己的固有性。透過臺灣高一生案與韓國曺奉岩案的比較研究，希望有助於我們了解這些不同的歷史脈絡與各社會所面臨的問題。

After 1945, Taiwan and South Korea experienced political repression and massacres by authoritarian governments within the Cold War framework. This study adopts a comparative approach to understand the political cases in Taiwan and Korea during the 1950s. This study addresses the following questions by analyzing the case of Uyongʉ Yata'uyungana and Cho Bong-am: Why did the authoritarian governments of Taiwan and Korea create political cases? How did they eliminate elites who had gained popular support? What are the similarities and differences between the cases of Taiwan and Korea? The experiences of Uyongʉ Yata'uyungana and Cho Bong-am during the Japanese colonial period were quite different: one received a Japanese education and became a patrol officer, while the other engaged in independence movements opposing Japanese imperialism and colonialism. However, both were sentenced to death through trials under post-war authoritarian regimes. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the authoritarian rule and people’s resistance in Taiwanese and Korean societies during the 1950s through the experiences, identities, thoughts, and political cases of Uyongʉ Yata'uyungana and Cho Bong-am. Through a comparative analysis of government archives and research from Taiwan and South Korea, this thesis found that differences in historical contexts led to variations in the impact of these political cases, public perceptions, and the actions taken in response. The political cases of Uyongʉ Yata'uyungana and Cho Bong-am reflect the different historical contexts and challenges each society faces.