公私部門間的就業選擇

Abstract

本文以2006~2022年的人力運用調查資料，探討公私部門間的薪資差距變化是否會對青年的職涯選擇造成影響，以及基本工資調升是否會縮小部門間的薪資差距。研究結果顯示，當公私部門薪資待遇差距越小，青年越不可能從事公部門就業。基本工資調升對於女性及女性文科畢業生的私部門薪資有顯著正向的影響，且會降低其進入公部門就業的可能性，對於男性與其他科系畢業生則沒有顯著影響。此外，透過二階段最小平方法進行迴歸，發現基本工資有助於減少公私部門的薪資差距，且公私部門薪資差距縮小會降低女性進入公部門的可能性，對男性的影響則不顯著。

This paper uses data of Taiwan’s Manpower Utilization Surveys from 2006 to 2022 to study whether changes in the wage gaps between the public and private sectors affect young people's career choices, and whether raising the minimum wage can narrow these wage gaps. The results show that when the wage gap between the public and private sectors become smaller, young people are less likely to engage in the public sector. The increase in the minimum wage has a significant positive impact on the private sector wages of women and female graduates from humanities majors, and will reduces their likelihood of entering the public sector. There is no significant effect on men and graduates from other majors. Additionally, using two-stage least squares regression, we found that the minimum wage helps reduce the wage gap between the public and private sectors, and the reduction of this wage gap decrease the probability of women entering the public sector, while the effect on men is not significant.