從軍訓教官看臺灣中學校園的控制（1950-1990）

Abstract

國民黨政府自1949年撤退來到臺灣後，致力校園的青年動員與思想改造，在蔣介石的指示下，國防部在1951年開始實施學生軍訓教育、1952年旋即由中國青年反共救國團接手。而中國青年反共救國團的出現，使得軍訓教育的主導權在1952年從國防部轉移到總政治部主任蔣經國手上，直至1960年移撥至教育部。事實上，中國青年反共救國團是中國國民黨用以整併各個青年團體的組織，雖然刻意淡化政治性，但因其講求三民主義信仰與擁護領袖，實質上便是青年政治領導的主責單位，更是中國國民黨的外圍組織、隸屬於國防部總政治部的青年組織。 此外，從公文檔案觀察中等以上學校軍訓教官的選派，更可推論軍訓教育的推動目的。依據國防部在1952年的公文，軍訓教官的考選試務由總政治部負責，往後歷次的考選標準調整，對於年齡、談吐、體格、思想都有一定要求，但獨獨對軍訓教官的軍訓教學熟忍度從未要求。或許是對教育專業的不重視，亦使得軍訓教官在青年領導的過程中，偶有矛盾與衝突事件發生，並引來媒體抨擊。與此同時，軍訓教官自身的雙重隸屬關係、在校園既有組織中的角色定位，使其逐漸演變成校園中偵察校園輿情、承擔生活輔導、維護校園安全、處理危機事件、宣導軍校招生上不可或缺的角色，也使得教師團體與家長團體認為軍訓教官是學校中不可或缺的角色，進而使得相關討論偏離了歷史脈絡。

After the Nationalist government retreated to Taiwan in 1949, they began efforts to mobilize and reform the thinking of young people on campuses. Under Chiang Kai-shek's orders, the Ministry of National Defense began implementing military education for students in 1951, and in 1952 it was handed over to the China Youth Corp. The leadership of military training education was transferred from the Ministry of National Defense to the Director of the General Political Department, Chiang Ching-kuo, in 1952, until it was transferred to the Ministry of Education in 1960. In fact, the China Youth Corps is the main unit responsible for integrating youth political leadership within the Kuomintang. It is a youth mobilization organization under the Kuomintang and the General Political Department of the Ministry of National Defense. In addition, the selection of Military instructors from secondary schools and above can further observe the purpose of promoting military training education. According to the explanation by the Ministry of National Defense in 1952, the examination of Military instructors is the responsibility of the General Political Department. In subsequent adjustments to the selection criteria, there are certain requirements for age, demeanor, physique, and ideology, but there is no requirement for the teaching ability of Military instructors. This lack of emphasis has led to occasional conflicts and incidents in the process of youth leadership by Military instructors, attracting criticism from the media. At the same time, the role of Military instructors has undergone a transformation, gradually evolving into roles such as scouting campus public opinion, providing life guidance, maintaining campus security, handling crisis events, and advocating the indispensable role of military training in recruiting students for military schools. This makes teachers and parents believe that military instructors play an indispensable role in schools, and also leads the discussion off track from its historical context.