知恩圖報還是理所應然？以歸因理論探討部屬詮釋對仁慈領導效能之影響

Abstract

本研究試圖透過歸因理論探討部屬詮釋如何影響主管仁慈領導之效能。具體而言，以關係歸因詮釋仁慈領導，是否會使部屬產生感恩圖報，並提高對主管主動承擔行為；以自利歸因詮釋仁慈領導，是否會使部屬產生應得權益感，並提高團隊中的社會閒散行為。同時，探究部屬對主管的工作利益導向之關係認定如何影響部屬對仁慈領導的歸因方式，進而導致後續結果。本研究透過問卷調查法收集臺灣企業組織中共計250筆有效資料。結果顯示，主管的仁慈領導會透過提升部屬的關係歸因與感恩圖報，進一步提升部屬的對主管主動承擔行為。此外，在部屬的工作利益導向之關係認定高的情況下，主管的仁慈領導會透過提升部屬的自利歸因與應得權益感，進一步提升部屬的社會閒散。除此之外，額外分析發現，部屬對仁慈領導的關係歸因，也會提高應得權益感。藉由本研究之結果，於理論上可拓展對仁慈領導效能的理解，並更細緻地釐清部屬詮釋對仁慈領導的效能的影響；於實務上可提供主管與組織借鑑與指引。

關鍵字：仁慈領導、歸因理論、感恩圖報、應得權益感、關係認定

This study attempts to explore how subordinates' interpretations affect the effectiveness of benevolent leadership through attribution theory. Specifically, it investigates whether interpreting benevolent leadership through relationship attribution leads subordinates to experience gratitude and increases their proactive behavior towards supervisors. This study also examines whether interpreting benevolent leadership through self-serving attribution leads subordinates to feel entitled and increases social loafing behavior within teams. Additionally, this study explores how subordinates' job-interest oriented relationship recognition influences their attribution styles towards benevolent leadership, consequently affecting subsequent behavioral outcomes. This study collected a total of 250 valid paired responses from employees and their direct supervisors in various organizations in Taiwan through a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that benevolent leadership enhances subordinates' relationship attribution and gratitude, subsequently promoting their proactive behavior towards supervisors. Furthermore, in situations where subordinates have high job-interest oriented relationship recognition, benevolent leadership enhances subordinates' self-serving attribution and feelings of entitlement, further increasing social loafing behavior. Additionally, the results indicate that subordinates' relationship attribution towards benevolent leadership also enhances feelings of entitlement. These findings contribute to a theoretical understanding of the effectiveness of benevolent leadership, offering insights into how subordinates' interpretations affect its effectiveness. Moreover, the findings of this study provide practical guidance for supervisors and organizations to consider in their leadership practices.

Keywords: benevolent leadership, attribution theory, gratitude, entitlement, relationship recognition