新聞專業、族群任務及國族認同的角力：不只是「族群媒體」的公視台語台每日新聞

Abstract

在《國家語言發展法》的保障下，公視台語台持著「落實語言平權，兼顧區域平衡」的目標於2019年7月正式開台。2023年《公共電視法》修法過後，明確將公視台語台定位在「多元族群傳播服務」的範疇中，是為一個「族群媒體」。因此，本研究在公視台語台作為「公廣集團族群媒體」的概念下，透過深度訪談14名公視台語台每日新聞工作者，試圖分析公視台語台在新聞產製實踐中的多元想像與定位。 本研究發現，作為一個族群媒體，公視台語台每日新聞有「台語文復振」的任務，也影響到新聞產製流程：當這些新聞工作者面臨「專業身分」及「族群身分」間的矛盾時，必須在「台語文」及「新聞」間取捨，這些新聞工作者對於台語文作為新聞的「內容」及「工具」的看法也十分不一致。再者，在人力不足而必須依賴公視主頻提供新聞的情況下，公視台語台每日新聞的產製受制於公視主頻，一方面展現在採訪組記者作為公視主頻新聞的補充外，另一方面也呈現在編輯組總是要等公視主頻的新聞完成後才能開始工作，而在難以完全獨立於公視主頻新聞的情況下，公視台語台每日新聞將「台語台觀點」的主體性，不僅放在與台語文、臺灣文化等有關的「族群議題」上，也放在一般具公共價值的新聞議題上。最後，大部分受訪者並不認為公視台語台每日新聞是為「族群」服務的新聞，而認為是為「臺灣人」服務，這一方面是這些新聞工作者對「公共價值」的追求，另一方面也從產製實踐及工作者態度中發現，他們也想要建立「臺灣國族認同意識」，顯見Holo族群及台語的「多數弱勢」處境及「不情願的族群認同」的歷史脈絡。 綜上所述，本研究發現僅用「族群媒體」的視角理解公視台語台每日新聞是不夠的，「公共價值」、「國族認同」等非族群媒體的任務也在新聞工作者的實踐中發現。這複雜的想像源自於現實上對台語台每日新聞的限制，包括：法規及大眾的「族群媒體」想像、人力不足而必須依賴主頻、新聞及公共電視的「中立」期待、台語尚未正常化、多頭馬車的新聞室等，使得公視台語台每日新聞在「族群新聞」、「公共新聞」及「國族新聞」間擺盪不定、沒有共識。

This study critically examines the PTS Taigi TV Station, launched in July 2019 under Taiwan''s "Development of National Languages Act," and later recognized as an integral component of the "broadcasting service of diverse ethnic groups" following the 2023 amendment of the "Public Television Act." This channel emerges as a distinctive ethnic media within the Taiwan Public Broadcasting System. Through in-depth interviews with 14 personnel involved in the PTS Taigi TV Station''s daily news production, this research aims to analyze the channel''s mission, editorial subjectivity, and the audience it serves. The findings reveal that the PTS Taigi TV Station, as an ethnic media platform, is imbued with the mission of "revitalizing Taigi." This mission significantly influences the news production process, creating a dichotomy between "professional" and "ethnic" identities among journalists. This conflict manifests in varying perceptions of Taigi language, viewed alternately as a medium for content delivery or as a journalistic tool. Furthermore, the study highlights the channel''s operational dependence on the broader PTS daily news due to limited resources, which inadvertently positions the PTS Taigi TV Station''s journalists as supplementary to the main news team. This dependence affects the channel''s ability to independently define its editorial subjectivity, oscillating between focusing on ethnic issues like Taigi language and Taiwanese culture, and addressing broader newsworthy topics with public relevance. Interestingly, most interviewees do not perceive the PTS Taigi TV Station primarily as an ethnic media outlet but rather as a broadcaster serving a wider public audience. This perspective, on one hand, reflects in the production of "Taigi public news" which values public issues; on the other hand, it reflects in the production of “Taigi national news,” which embodies a unique Taiwanese national identity, resonating with the historical and current socio-political status of the Holo people as a "majority yet disadvantaged" group. This research concludes that understanding PTS Taigi TV Station''s daily news merely as ethnic media is insufficient. The channel navigates a complex landscape, marked by constraints such as ethnic media perceptions, reliance on PTS for resources, journalistic neutrality, the evolving status of Taigi language, and a lack of unanimous vision within the newsroom. Consequently, PTS Taigi TV Station''s daily news vacillates between being an ethnic news service, a general public news outlet and even a national news media for specific national identity.