村上春樹のアメリカ作家の摂取 ―フィッツジェラルドの受容・変容・再創作―

Abstract

村上春樹的作品經常被說瀰漫著一種美國的氛圍，但是，村上跟美國作家的具體分析比較尚仍不足。因此，本論文試圖以村上喜愛的美國作家費茲傑羅為例，進行比較文學研究。揭示村上在創作的時候受到多少費茲傑羅的影響。 本論文的結構分成三章，各自著眼於「意象」、「主題」、「人物造型」的共通性進行探討。首先，第一章論述《大亨小傳》（1925）和《1973年的彈珠玩具》（1980）中，生活在都市中人們的「孤獨感」的意象。接著，第二章以《冬天的夢》（1922）和《國境之南、太陽之西》（1992）為考察文本，聚焦敘事結構，確認結構的相似性之後，闡明兩作品之間的共通主題。最後，第三章以《大亨小傳》（1925）和《刺殺騎士團長》（2017）進行比較，側重於作品中的人物造型進行分析。各章會先推敲出村上受到費茲傑羅影響的部分，闡明其中的相似處。接著，提取其中變化的部分，考察村上如何進行再創作。 本論文得出以下三點結論。一，透過第一章和第二章的考察，可以看出村上和費茲傑羅在主題上的共通性，都因為女性的喪失而陷入痛苦，被記憶束縛而停留於過去。二，關於相異之處，村上的作品在描繪傷害主人公內心的宿命之女的同時，也同時描繪支持主人公的女性，從而幫助主人公逃離過去。三，第一章和第三章同樣以《大亨小傳》為基準點進行比較分析。雖然《1973年的彈珠玩具》可以看出《大亨小傳》的間接影響，但在2006年村上翻譯《大亨小傳》後，可以更清晰地看出在隨後創作的《刺殺騎士團長》中吸收了更多《大亨小傳》的元素。書中人物的「我」和免色涉的塑造，是受到尼克和蓋茲比所啟發。除此之外，《刺殺騎士團長》之中的車輛與每個角色的身分和性格之呼應，是受到《大亨小傳》的車輛與人物之間的關聯性所影響。還有，書中的繪畫作品《刺殺騎士團長》不只受到了《唐·喬凡尼》的影響，其中「長臉男」的形象似乎模仿了《大亨小傳》中的「醫學博士T·J·艾柯爾堡」的眼睛看板，都是在混亂事件中冷靜觀察一切的角色。

Haruki Murakami's works are generally said to be imbued with an American atmosphere, yet there is still a lack of specific comparative analysis between Murakami and American writers. Therefore, this thesis attempts to use F. Scott Fitzgerald, one of Murakami's favorite American authors, as an example to conduct a comparative literary study, revealing the extent of Fitzgerald influence on Murakami.

This thesis is divided into three chapters, each focusing on the commonalities in "imagery", "themes," and "characterization" in the works of Murakami and Fitzgerald. Firstly, in Chapter One, the images of "loneliness" among urban dwellers in The Great Gatsby (1925) and Pinball, 1973 (1980) is discussed. Subsequently, Chapter Two analyzes Winter Dreams (1922) and South of the Border, West of the Sun (1992), emphasizing narrative structure similarities and revealing shared themes in both works. Lastly, in Chapter Three, The Great Gatsby (1925) and Killing Commendatore (2017) are compared, focusing on character portrayal in both works. Each chapter initially brings out the similarities between Murakami's and Fitzgerald's works, followed by the differences and an examination of how Murakami has engaged in re-creation.

The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. Firstly, through the analysis in Chapters One and Two, it becomes evident that both Murakami and Fitzgerald share common themes. The protagonists in their works suffer greatly due to the loss of women they loved, and they are bound by memories, lingering in the past. Secondly, regarding differences, Murakami's works not only depict the fateful women who wound the protagonist's heart, but also portray supportive women who aid the protagonist in escaping the past. Finally, both chapters One and Three use The Great Gatsby as a benchmark for comparative analysis. While Pinball, 1973 shows indirect influence from The Great Gatsby, it becomes clearer, following Murakami's translation of The Great Gatsby in 2006, that he absorbed more elements from The Great Gatsby in his subsequent work, Killing Commendatore. The characterization of the protagonists "I" and Menshiki are inspired by Nick and Gatsby. Furthermore, the correspondence between the vehicles and personalities of each character in Killing Commendatore appears to be influenced by The Great Gatsby. Additionally, the painting Killing Commendatore is not only influenced by Don Giovanni, a witness called "long face" in the painting appears to mimic the billboard of "Dr. T.J. Eckleburg" from The Great Gatsby, both being characters who observe chaotic events calmly.