貪腐感知如何影響公民參與：以政治效能感為中介變數的定群追蹤分析

Abstract

在現代民主國家中，反貪與促進公民參與都是公共治理的重要組成部分。我國政府也在這方面做出了相當多的努力，包括修訂反貪法規制度、拓展公民參與的管道及賦權培力等，我國政府在清廉度和政治權利方面也多受國際組織評鑑所肯定。近年來，國際上關於公民參與的研究文獻越來越重視貪腐因素，並且實證結果顯示公部門貪腐對公民參與具有影響力。然而，目前我國對於貪腐因素對公民參與的影響研究相對較少，且定群追蹤研究的比例也相對罕見，因此本研究計劃利用台灣政經傳播中心 (TIGCR) 提供的2018至2020年民眾定群追蹤資料 (panel data)，探討民眾的貪腐感知對其公民參與的影響。 本研究認為政治效能感在解釋貪腐感知如何影響公民參與方面扮演著重要角色，因此在研究方法上同時採用定群追蹤研究與中介分析方法，以探討在民眾的貪腐感知變化轉化為公民參與行動的過程中，政治效能感是否扮演著關鍵的機制。本研究的分析結果顯示，貪腐感知對選舉和非選舉式的公民參與均具有負面影響。當個人貪腐感知隨著時間增加，其公民參與行為的強度將進一步減弱。在影響機制方 面，對於投票參與而言，政治效能感並非解釋貪腐感知影響的關鍵因素；然而，對於非選舉式的公民參與行為而言，政治效能感則成為解釋貪腐感知影響機制的重要因素。因此，貪腐感知對兩種公民參與形式的影響存在著機制上的差異。本文期望透過上述分析，使貪腐因素能夠在我國公民參與相關研究中獲得更多的重視，對我國廉政治理和促進公民參與方面的理論和政策提供不同角度的見解和反思。

In modern democratic countries, anti-corruption conducts and promotion of citizen participation are essential components of public governance, in which the Taiwanese government has put significant efforts, including amending anti-corruption regulations, expanding avenues for citizen participation, and empowering citizen participation. This commitment to integrity and political rights has also been recognized by international organizations. In recent years, international research on citizen participation has increasingly emphasized the role of corruption, and empirical findings indicate that corruption in the public sector influences citizen participation. However, there is relatively little research on the influence of corruption on citizen participation in Taiwan, particularly using panel data analysis. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the panel data provided by the Taiwan Institute for Governance and Communication Research (TIGCR) from 2018 to 2020 to explore the impact of perceived corruption on citizen participation among the Taiwanese public. This research posits that political efficacy plays a crucial role in explaining how perceived corruption affects citizen participation. Thus, the study employs both panel data analysis and mediation analysis methods to investigate whether political efficacy acts as a critical mechanism in transferring individuals' perceptions of corruption into citizen participation. The results of this study indicate that perceived corruption has a negative impact on both electoral and non-electoral participation. As individual perceptions of corruption increase over time, the intensity of their citizen participation decreases. Concerning electoral participation, political efficacy does not emerge as a key factor in explaining the influencing mechanisms of corruption perceptions. Yet, in the context of non-electoral participation, political efficacy serves an important role as a mediating factor. As a result, the influence of perceived corruption on these two forms of citizen participation shows differences in the underlying mechanisms. Through the aforementioned analysis, this study aims to draw greater attention to the role of corruption in citizen participation research in Taiwan, also offering alternative perspectives and reflections on anti-corruption governance and citizen participation policies and theories.