自我消融的語言：分析克拉麗斯·利斯佩克托的小說《A paixão segundo G.H.》、《Água viva》和《A hora da estrela》中的神秘主義與句法結構

Abstract

本文透過文學語言學方法，針對巴西作家克拉麗斯·利斯佩克托的《根据G.H.的激情》、《活水》、《星辰時刻》三部作品中的語言現象進行細讀。筆者在研究中發現，小說中的敘述者對於無以言表的神秘合一經驗（unio mystica)的遠近定位與文本中的句法結構息息相關。據此，當小說中的句子呈並列結構(paratactic syntax)時，敘述者的角度往往會趨近萬物內在神性(immanence)的神秘體驗，因為此結構有益於產生一種避免概念從屬化的語言並可以作為感官感覺和神性啟示的表達形式。另一方面，當敘述者試圖闡釋神秘合一經驗為何，或試圖解釋其無法被闡述性之時，在敘事者與內在神性的經驗保有一定距離的情況下， 敘事者往往會趨向於使用從屬句 (hypotactic syntax)，因其有益於闡明概念關聯、構建概念認知。因此，若根據這些句法趨勢的理解可將這三部小說視為同一部完整的作品，各文本中較晦澀段落的意涵將變得更加清晰，而這有助於對利斯佩克托作品的內容與形式達到全面性的詮釋，同時並能指出過往以後結構主義理論為基礎的其他詮釋所產生的誤讀。

This thesis examines A paixão segundo G.H., Água viva, and A hora da estrela by Clarice Lispector through a literary-linguistic approach. Close attention to linguistic phenomena allows this thesis to find correspondences between the tendencies toward parataxis (syntactic coordination) and hypotaxis (syntactic subordination) with different positionings of the narrating voices relative to the incommunicable experience of mystical union. This thesis shows that, in the moments where the sentences tend to a paratactic structuring, the narrating voices in Lispector’s fiction are often found in proximity to the experience of immanence, as parataxis affords to enunciate sensations and revealed truths in a manner that evades conceptual hierarchization. On the other hand, when these voices attempt to explain what the experience of mystical union consists of, or to communicate its incommunicability, the prose tends to become hypotactic. This subordinating syntactic structure affords to better expound the connections necessary for a conceptual and synthesizing cognition, which is only possible when the narrating voices maintain an analytical distance from the experience of mystical union. This thesis argues that, by reading these works as a unitary project in light of these shared syntactic tendencies, the meaning of certain cryptic passages becomes clearer, which allows for the elaboration of a global interpretation that accounts for the content and form of Lispector’s work, and points out the misreadings of other interpretative approaches, often informed by post-structuralist theory.