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標題: | 歐中全面投資協定談判過程之研究(2013-2023) A Research on the Negotitation Process of the EU–CHINA Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (2013-2023) |
作者: | 林癸昌 Kuei-Chang Lin |
指導教授: | 周繼祥 Jih-Shine Chou |
關鍵字: | 歐中全面投資協定,戰略自主,中國崛起,規範性力量,去風險化, the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment,strategic autonomy,China’s rise,normative power,de-risking, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 「歐中全面投資協定」於2013年開啟談判,同年適逢歐中戰略夥伴關係10週年之際,該談判共耗時7年、35回合才完成原則性簽署,之後不到半年時間卻因人權問題遭凍結,談判初始時,外界評認協定僅單純係一經濟框架的合作協議,盼達到改善雙邊長期投資與貿易的不平衡目的,但在美中二國不斷與歐盟拉扯情況下,卻成為政治及經濟利益交換的籌碼。因此,協定的演變過程及談判經過便成為本研究探討重點,且歐中關係在談判前後對於雙方的認知有何種變化,亦值得關注及探討。
歐中雙邊早期經貿互動係仰賴《歐中貿易和經濟合作協定》,隨著歐中雙方貿易量遽增、投資型態逐漸複雜化,原協定已過於舊時不再適用,爰在雙方關係最緊密之時提出重啟貿易協定構想並開啟談判,談判過程期間,歐盟除面對內外環境的挑戰,亦因美國政府的更迭讓歐盟提出「戰略自主」的政策思維,而歐盟如何在經濟與安全兩者間作出抉擇.將在本研究中進一步討論。 中國領導人習近平在「18大」就位後,在軍事、外交、經濟等議題上展開積極作為,讓世界各國明顯感受到「中國崛起」的強烈企圖,疫情爆發後,中國為改善國際對中的負面觀感,在外交工作更比以往強勢,不僅如此,中國為拉攏歐盟,推出「一帶一路」、「中國-中東歐國家合作」等戰略工作與歐洲各國對接交流,是類作為開始讓美歐等西方國家產生警覺而開始圍堵中國。 本研究以新自由制度主義角度觀察協定談判過程,認為協定具有「合作、共贏」特性,也發現在歐中雙邊關係演變下,美國始終扮演著關鍵性角色;另一方面,歐盟長年在與中國互動過程,也開始改變以往「規範性力量」的展現,進而在「歐中戰略展望」報告調整對中態度,形容中國是競爭對手、也是合作夥伴,在歐中競合同存的微妙關係下,未來歐盟如何在俄烏戰爭後的國際複雜情勢中,履行「去風險化」承諾、滿足各成員國經濟利益、實踐歐盟三大機構合作目標,將成為歐盟戰略自主的一大考驗。 The EU and China launched the negotiations of the “Comprehensive Agreement on Investment” in 2013, which coincided with the 10th anniversary of the “EU-China Strategic Partnership.” While the two sides took seven years and 35 rounds to complete the signing of the agreement in principle, the negotiations were suspended half a year later due to China’s human rights issues. At the beginning of the negotiations, the outside world deemed the agreement simply an economic cooperation framework agreement with an aim to improve the long-term investment and trade imbalances between the two sides. However, as the US and China both yield influence on the EU, the agreement has turned into a bargaining chip for the EU to gain more political and economic interests from either side. Therefore, this study focuses on the evolution and negotiations of the agreement. In addition, the change of the EU-China relationships as well as the perception of the two sides before and after the negotiations are also further attention. Formerly, the “Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation between the EU and China” dictated the economic interactions between the two sides. With the rapid increase in trade volume between the EU and China as well as greater complexity of investment patterns, the said agreement had become outdated. Therefore, at the golden era of bilateral relationship, the two sides started to conceive a new agreement and launch relevant negotiations on it. During the negotiations, the EU also proposed the concept of “strategic autonomy” against the backdrop of internal and external challenges as well as the change of the US government. Therefore, this study will further discuss the EU’s choice between economic performance and security assurance. After Xi JingPing took over as China’s paramount leader at the ”18th Party Congress,” he has adopted proactive measures on the military, diplomatic and economic fronts, clearly demonstrating the world China’s rise as well as its strong ambition. Also, to reverse people’s impression on China after the outbreak of the COVID-19, Xi has adopted a hardline approach on the diplomatic front. Furthermore, China launched strategic work such as the “Belt and Road Initiative” as well as the “Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Coutries” to rope in the EU and engage with European countries. However, China’s moves heighten Western countries concerns, and push them to start containing China. Oberving the negotiations of the agreement from the prism of neo-liberal institutionalism, the study believes that the agreement can be featured with characteristics of “cooperation and win-win solutions” and finds the the US has long played a key role in the evolution of EU-China bilateral relations. In addition, the EU has adjusted its normative power along the years of engagements with China and changed its attitude towards China in the “EU-China Straregic Outlook” report which describes China as a systematic rival and a cooperating partner. Against the backdrop of this subtle relationship of both competition and cooperation as well as the complicated international environment after the Russia-Ukraine war, it will be a test for EU and its “strategic autonomy” to fulfill the bloc’s re-risking commitment, satisfy the economic needs of member states, and realize the goals of EU’s three major institutions. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88727 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202302810 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 國家發展研究所 |
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