論金融機構洗錢防制與資訊共享法制—以區塊鏈技術的應用為中心

Abstract

本文係以技術角度切入，探討區塊鏈去中心化技術，是否可以應用在金融機構洗錢防制資訊共享議題。本文首先分析我國在APG之後金融機構洗錢防制現況及面臨的困境，再探討美國、澳洲及新加坡在金融機構資訊共享的發展，由此開始探討我國在制度面與架構面的可能設計，以及區塊鏈技術之於資訊共享應用的好處；本文接著並分析區塊鏈中的公有鏈、聯盟鏈以及私有鏈之異同，探討究竟何者較適合本文的應用；此外區塊鏈的安全性也是本文討論的重點，包含資料加密以及傳輸加密，確保資料的安全性；本文最後分析應用區塊鏈技術辦理資訊共享可能涉及的法律問題，包括個人資料保護法、銀行法、金融控股法等相關規定，以及提出主管機關對於金融機構間基於洗錢防制的資訊共享可著重的未來發展方向。

This thesis adopts a technological view to discuss whether the decentralization technology of blockchain can be applied to the issue of money laundering prevention and information sharing among financial institutions. The thesis firstly analyzes the current situation of money laundering prevention in Taiwan and the associated difficulties faced with by Taiwan’s financial institutions after the APG evaluation in 2018. The thesis then discusses the development of information sharing in the United States, Australia, and Singapore and the benefits of information sharing. Following these analyses, the thesis then discusses public chain, consortium chain, and private chain and evaluates which type of chain is more suitable for introducing the information sharing among financial institutions in Taiwan. The thesis also points out the importance of blockchain security, including the issues of data encryption and transmission encryption, in ensuring data security. Finally, the thesis explores the legal issues associated with information sharing among financial institutions for the purpose of anti-money laundering, including the Personal Data Protection Act, Banking Act, Financial Holding Company Act, and propose directions for the future development of information sharing laws by Taiwan’s financial regulator.