居家周圍綠地環境暴露與兒童早期行為發展之相關性探討

Abstract

隨著現代社會的快速發展，綠地大量消失，尤其住在都會地區的人更難在生活中接觸到綠地。然而，諸多研究顯示居家環境的綠地暴露與健康有良好的正相關性。其中，兒童是環境中的易感受族群，更是永續發展中的重點保護對象。因此，本研究旨在比較產前與產後居家周圍綠地暴露與兒童早期行為發展之相關性探討，以推動居家綠地與兒童健康之發展。本研究利用一項台灣出生世代調查 (TBPS I)， 納入 172 位於 2004~2005 間出生的嬰孩與其父母進行世代追蹤，以兒童行為檢核表 (CBCL) 量測受試者在 2 歲、5 歲時的行為發展狀況。綠地暴露則採用 Landsat 5 衛星所提供之空照圖，計算居家周圍 250m、500m、1000m 內之標準化植被指數 (NDVI)，並利用線性迴歸探討其相關性。在本研究族群中，多數受試者居住於市中心，居家環境的總體綠地暴露普遍較低。產前暴露與 2 歲的內在、情緒、表現問題、 身體不適與睡眠問題中，均有輕微的負相關，且只有在 250m、500m 的緩衝區域間存在差異，1000m 則未顯示差異;產後暴露則在身體不適、睡眠問題間顯示輕微正相關。研究結果顯示，產前的居家綠地暴露可能對幼兒的早期神經發展有影響，需要更多的證據支持。

With the rapid development of modern society, greenness on earth has largely decreased. People in urban area are hard to access greenness in their daily lives. However, many studies show a positive association between greenness and health. Among the population, children are the most sensitive to the environment and the main subjects to protect in sustainable development. Therefore, we aimed to compare prenatal exposure and postnatal exposure to residential greenness and children's behavioral development. Participants were from Taiwan Birth Panel Study (TBPS I). A total of 172 infants born in 2004~2005 and their parents were recruited in this study. They were asked to do Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at the age of 2 and 5. Greenness levels were gathered from the image of Landsat 5 within a 250, 500, and 1000 meters radius, counted as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association. The participants showed a low level of exposure to greenness because most lived in Northern Taiwan urban areas. Our study showed a slight negative association between prenatal exposure and initializing problems, emotionally reactive, somatic complaints, and sleeping problems. This could only be observed within 250 and 500 meters radius. Compared to prenatal exposure, postnatal exposure might contain more complicated factors. In future work, we hope to explore a larger population and distinguish the different types of greenness.