基於區塊鏈配合分散式航管系統之個人化無人機保險

Abstract

本研究基於區塊鏈的架構提出一套個人化無人機保費演算機制，結合無人機歷史飛航數據與保險客戶理賠紀錄，以達到保費個人化之目的。隨著無人機的數量與應用不斷增長，無人機事故時有所聞，為了保障事故中的受害者，建構一個合理且接收度高的保費運算機制為當務之急。由於精算數據不足，目前市面上的無人機保費僅以無人機機齡、種類、重量大致分類，至於任務飛行場域的風險與特性、任務差異、操作員飛航表現皆未納入考量，這些都將影響無人機發生事故的機率，故應為保費計算之重要指標。本研究配合分散式無人機航管系統組成分散式儲存暨區塊鏈系統，以保障無人機飛航資料之機密性、完整性、可用性，解決資安方面的疑慮。同時加入模糊理論之從屬度概念於保費分類上，使保險費用能夠在低額、中額、高額不同保費間平滑過度，並利用機器學習方法建立個人化保費模型，以計算個人化保費。此外，為了能達到保險業者之預期效益，所開發之程式可自動迭代出各保費類別之合適的基本保費，並用以更新下期保費。依據模擬數據顯示，本研究確實可以達到個人化保險之目的，亦可調整各保費類別之基本保費，以達保險業者之預期效益。

This study proposes the calculation method of a personalized UAV insurance premium based on a blockchain structure, historical flight data of UAV and owner claims records. With the growing number and applications of UAVs, UAV accidents are heard from time to time. In order to financially protect the victims of UAV accidents, it is imperative to construct a reasonable and highly acceptable insurance premium model. Due to the lack of actuarial data, the current UAV insurance premiums in the market are only roughly categorized by UAV's ages, types, and weight. However, there are many factors that affect the chance of UAV accidents, such as flight mission, area and operator's flight performance. They all need to be considered in the premium calculation. This study establishes the decentralized storage and blockchain system of the insurance premium calculation under a decentralized UAS traffic management framework. It can achieve confidentiality, integrity, and availability of UAV flight data and insurance information. Fuzzy theory is also incorporated into the premium classification so that the premiums can have smoothly transition among low, medium, and high insurance premiums. Furthermore, we use a machine learning approach to build the personalized insurance premium model, which is able to continuously optimize systems with the influx of data and calculate insurance premiums. According to the simulation this study can indeed appropriately adjust the base insurance premium for each category, satisfy the expected benefits and achieve the purpose of personalized insurance.